cag是什么牌子手表(ca是什么牌子的手表標(biāo)識(shí))
來(lái)源:Watch手表之家 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2024-04-12 09:41:041. ca是什么牌子的手表標(biāo)識(shí)
簡(jiǎn)稱ck,1997年2月14日,世界上最大的手表制造商Swatch Group總裁兼首席執(zhí)行官Nicolas G Hayek與美國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師Calvin Klein簽訂了一項(xiàng)合資協(xié)定。
由此總部設(shè)在瑞士Biel的Ck Watch Co.Ltd成立了。
它是時(shí)尚和鐘表兩個(gè)世界的大匯合,帶出一份強(qiáng)烈的情感。
cK手表注重本質(zhì),點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴地展現(xiàn)出迷人之處。
2. ca開(kāi)頭的手表有哪些品牌的
CALTBURNA手表是國(guó)產(chǎn)雜牌手機(jī),定位低端品牌。
CA打頭的只有,卡西歐,卡路亞
3. cal開(kāi)頭的手表品牌
cal17機(jī)芯是百年靈,帥氣霸道,鈦金屬材質(zhì)制成,
百年靈的這款黑鳥(niǎo)偵察機(jī)腕表在同等價(jià)位的腕表中首屈一指,性價(jià)比高,無(wú)論是怎么佩戴搭配都可為您的形象加分。腕表內(nèi)部搭載百年靈Cal.17機(jī)芯,動(dòng)力儲(chǔ)備為40小時(shí),防水深度為200米。非常的實(shí)用經(jīng)典
4. ca是什么牌子的手表標(biāo)識(shí)圖
帶有“ca”字母開(kāi)頭的表:1.cartier是卡地亞;2.carlfbucherer是寶齊萊手表;3.casio是卡西歐手表。
卡地亞是一家法國(guó)鐘表及珠寶制造商,于1847年,在巴黎創(chuàng)辦。
1874年,其子亞法·卡地亞繼承其管理權(quán),由其孫子路易·卡地亞、皮爾·卡地亞與積斯·卡地亞將其發(fā)展成世界著名品牌。
1904年曾為飛機(jī)師阿爾拔圖·山度士·度門設(shè)計(jì)世界上首只戴在手腕的腕表—卡地亞山度士腕表。
寶齊萊是一家位于瑞士琉森的獨(dú)立瑞士鐘表品牌。
自1888年前成立以來(lái),公司一直由寶齊萊家族運(yùn)營(yíng)。
寶齊萊通過(guò)傳統(tǒng)和創(chuàng)新的力量使腕表更優(yōu)美,不斷推出既優(yōu)雅又實(shí)用,更附設(shè)額外功能腕表。
卡西歐手表是日本卡西歐公司旗下品牌手表,該品牌所代表的活力、年輕、時(shí)尚。
卡西歐歷年都會(huì)有技能的突破,將高、精、尖的科技結(jié)合新型液晶技能,恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用于腕上時(shí)計(jì),不斷地提高腕上計(jì)時(shí)的發(fā)展水平。
5. 手表上的CA是什么意思
Ca有四個(gè)不同釋義,具體如下:
1、CA:美國(guó)《化學(xué)文摘》
《化學(xué)文摘》簡(jiǎn)稱CA,是世界最大的化學(xué)文摘庫(kù)。也是目前世界上應(yīng)用最廣泛,最為重要的化學(xué)、化工及相關(guān)學(xué)科的檢索工具。創(chuàng)刊于1907年,由美國(guó)化學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)化學(xué)文摘社(Chemical Abstracts Service,CAS)編輯出版,.CA報(bào)道的內(nèi)容幾乎涉及了化學(xué)家感興趣的所有領(lǐng)域。
其中除包括無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)、有機(jī)化學(xué)、分析化學(xué)、物理化學(xué)、高分子化學(xué)外,還包括冶金學(xué)、地球化學(xué)、藥物學(xué)、毒物學(xué)、環(huán)境化學(xué)、生物學(xué)以及物理學(xué)等諸多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域。CA特點(diǎn):收藏信息量大、收錄范圍廣。
2、CA:化學(xué)元素符號(hào)
CA(化學(xué)元素符號(hào))指鈣,鈣是一種金屬元素,符號(hào)Ca,在化學(xué)元素周期表中位于第4周期、第IIA族,常溫下呈銀白色晶體。動(dòng)物的骨骼、蛤殼、蛋殼都含有碳酸鈣??捎糜诤辖鸬拿撗鮿⒂皖惖拿撍畡?、冶金的還原劑、鐵和鐵合金的脫硫與脫碳劑以及電子管中的吸氣劑等。
3、CA:產(chǎn)生和確定數(shù)字證書(shū)的第三方可信機(jī)構(gòu)
CA指CA證書(shū),網(wǎng)上的公眾用戶通過(guò)驗(yàn)證 CA 的簽字從而信任 CA ,任何人都可以得到 CA 的證書(shū)(含公鑰),用以驗(yàn)證它所簽發(fā)的證書(shū)。
如果用戶想得到一份屬于自己的證書(shū),他應(yīng)先向 CA 提出申請(qǐng)。在 CA 判明申請(qǐng)者的身份后,便為他分配一個(gè)公鑰,并且 CA 將該公鑰與申請(qǐng)者的身份信息綁在一起,并為之簽字后,便形成證書(shū)發(fā)給申請(qǐng)者。
如果一個(gè)用戶想鑒別另一個(gè)證書(shū)的真?zhèn)?,他就?CA 的公鑰對(duì)那個(gè)證書(shū)上的簽字進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,一旦驗(yàn)證通過(guò),該證書(shū)就被認(rèn)為是有效的。證書(shū)實(shí)際是由證書(shū)簽證機(jī)關(guān)(CA)簽發(fā)的對(duì)用戶的公鑰的認(rèn)證。
4、CA:醫(yī)學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)寫
CA是癌癥cancer的簡(jiǎn)寫,即惡性腫瘤,醫(yī)院里經(jīng)常用該詞代替癌癥。如,肝Ca,肺Ca,轉(zhuǎn)移性胃Ca等。為了避諱,畢竟有些人還是很害怕“癌”這個(gè)字的。
雖然患者具有知情權(quán),國(guó)內(nèi)的醫(yī)生還是盡量照顧患者及其家屬,一般不書(shū)寫癌癥(在患者可以看到的資料上,如影像報(bào)告,床頭卡,檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告等)
6. caf是什么牌子手表
熱水器已成為生活中重要的一部分,給人們的生活帶來(lái)極大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟練程度、工作環(huán)境和工作強(qiáng)度等諸多因素常引發(fā)各類故障。接下來(lái)就為大家介紹如何維修熱水器的問(wèn)題。
電熱水器
工作原理
電熱水器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低、熱效率高、無(wú)污染、使用方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn),使用壽命一般為15年左右,主要有貯水式和速熱式兩種。由于速熱式電熱水器功率高達(dá)3kW以上,且易漏電,很少有人問(wèn)津;貯水式一般功率在1~2kW之間,安全方便,受到消費(fèi)者喜愛(ài)。
一、貯水式電熱水器
貯水式電熱水器一般由箱體系統(tǒng)、制熱系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和進(jìn)出水系統(tǒng)四大部分組成。下面為部分國(guó)產(chǎn)名牌電熱水器的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。
1、箱體系統(tǒng)
箱體系統(tǒng)由外殼、內(nèi)膽、保溫層等構(gòu)成,起到貯水保溫的作用。
(1)外殼
外殼是電熱水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安裝或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷軋板、噴粉等幾種。
(2)內(nèi)膽
內(nèi)膽既是盛水的容器,又是對(duì)外加熱的場(chǎng)所,其壽命決定于內(nèi)膽的材料和制造工藝。常見(jiàn)內(nèi)膽材料有鍍鋅鐵板、不銹鋼板和鋼板內(nèi)涂搪瓷三種。
(3)陽(yáng)級(jí)棒
貯水式電熱水器中的陽(yáng)極棒是一根金屬鎂棒,主要用來(lái)保護(hù)金屬水箱不被腐蝕和阻止水垢的形成。
(4)保溫層
外殼與內(nèi)膽之間的保溫層,起減少熱損失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯發(fā)泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纖維、氈和軟木等。為增強(qiáng)保溫效果,現(xiàn)多采用高密度聚氨酯發(fā)泡材料充填的新工藝,充填扎實(shí),密封保溫性好,即使12h不通電,水溫也僅下降2℃左右。
(5)爐膛
爐膛用于安裝加熱體和限溫器,是由爐膛底盤、爐膛管、爐膛帽、溫控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱經(jīng)鉆孔攻螺紋,用于安裝鎂棒。
2、制熱系統(tǒng)
電熱水器采用的電熱元件多采用管狀結(jié)構(gòu),為提高熱效率,直接放在水中加熱,形狀可根據(jù)內(nèi)膽結(jié)構(gòu)彎成U形或其他形狀,金屬護(hù)套管常見(jiàn)為不銹鋼管或銅管。電加熱管在通電后,其內(nèi)部高電阻電熱合金絲發(fā)熱,通過(guò)金屬管內(nèi)的絕緣填充料導(dǎo)熱至金屬套管,起加熱作用。
電加熱管使用時(shí)間一長(zhǎng),在電加熱管表面容易結(jié)污垢,不僅影響發(fā)熱效果,而且會(huì)產(chǎn)生漏電現(xiàn)象。為此海爾、小鴨、東寶等廠家,將熱水器部分產(chǎn)品的電熱元件改為高壓耐熱的陶瓷發(fā)熱器,如圖所示。間接加熱內(nèi)膽中的水(通電后,首先預(yù)熱周圍的空氣,然后通過(guò)鋼板對(duì)水加熱),使水電分離,不僅無(wú)漏電之憂,且可超快速加熱。
3、控制系統(tǒng)
電熱水器的控制系統(tǒng)主要包括溫控器和漏電保護(hù)器。
(1)溫控器
電熱水器中使用的溫控器主要有雙金屬片溫控器、蒸氣壓力式溫控器和電子溫控器。
(2)漏電保護(hù)器
在電熱水器的漏電保護(hù)器中、將15mA確定為危險(xiǎn)電流,超過(guò)這一數(shù)值時(shí)漏電保護(hù)器動(dòng)作,正常的動(dòng)作范圍為15~30mA。
海爾電熱水器選用的是進(jìn)口漏電保護(hù)器,動(dòng)作值為15mA,動(dòng)作時(shí)間為0.1s。小鴨等品牌電熱水器電源線帶有先進(jìn)的電子控制漏電保護(hù)插頭,其技術(shù)參數(shù)為:額定電壓220V(5OHz),額定電流10A,漏電動(dòng)作范圍5~10mA,漏電動(dòng)作時(shí)間≤50ms,最大分?jǐn)嗄芰?00A,最大負(fù)載功率2200W。
4、進(jìn)、出水系統(tǒng)
進(jìn)、出水系統(tǒng)由進(jìn)、出水管,混合閥、安全閥和淋浴噴頭等組成。
(1)混合閥
混合閥的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示。由圖可知,熱水器內(nèi)膽出水管、混合閥、噴頭和大氣相通,不受混合閥冷、熱閥門控制膽內(nèi)壓力,故稱為出口敞開(kāi)式。
單獨(dú)打開(kāi)右側(cè)紅點(diǎn)熱水旋閥,自來(lái)水經(jīng)出水管、混合閥、噴頭流出,出熱水,出水壓力由熱水閥控制;單獨(dú)打開(kāi)左側(cè)藍(lán)點(diǎn)冷水旋閥,自來(lái)水直接經(jīng)混合閥由噴頭流出冷水,出水壓力由冷水閥控制。當(dāng)同時(shí)打開(kāi)冷熱水閥門時(shí),冷水和熱水在混合閥出水口混合,適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)冷熱水閥門大小,可得到所需水溫。
(2)安全閥
在自來(lái)水壓力突然增高或加熱水溫過(guò)熱,造成內(nèi)膽壓力超過(guò)規(guī)定耐壓值時(shí),安全閥會(huì)自動(dòng)排壓,以保護(hù)內(nèi)膽。在加熱過(guò)程中,安全閥會(huì)有緩慢的滴水現(xiàn)象,不是故障,是一種正?,F(xiàn)象。
5、工作原理
貯水式電熱水器的加熱分單加熱器加熱和雙加熱器加熱兩種。前者,--般用在容積不太大的熱水器中;后者、往往用于容積較大的熱水器中。
二、速熱式電熱水器
快速熱水器一般在接通電源、開(kāi)啟水閥后,僅需十幾秒就會(huì)有充足的熱水源源流出,因此也稱流動(dòng)式或即熱式電熱水器。
1、基本結(jié)構(gòu)
快速熱水器主要由外殼、內(nèi)腔、電熱元件、壓力開(kāi)關(guān)和溫度控制等部分組成。
2、工作原理
(1)腔體式
打開(kāi)進(jìn)水閥門,水流入腔體。當(dāng)水充滿腔體后,在水壓和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,從而帶動(dòng)通過(guò)膜片中心的通水管子上端,使觸點(diǎn)閉合接通電源,這樣電阻絲通電發(fā)熱,被加熱的水沿通水管上開(kāi)有的小孔流入管內(nèi),再經(jīng)過(guò)蓮蓬頭噴射出來(lái),供人們使用。當(dāng)停止進(jìn)水時(shí),靠橡皮膜彈力恢復(fù)使觸頭斷開(kāi),從而切斷電源。
(2)水槽式
在未接通水源時(shí),壓力開(kāi)關(guān)處于常態(tài)(觸點(diǎn)斷開(kāi)),微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)s不動(dòng)作,從而繼電器線圈不通電,這時(shí)整機(jī)不工作。接通水源后,因水壓升高,這時(shí)壓力開(kāi)關(guān)觸點(diǎn)動(dòng)作,繼電器KA吸合,主電路觸點(diǎn)閉合,指示燈HL點(diǎn)亮,這時(shí)只要將轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)(功率調(diào)節(jié)器)根據(jù)需要調(diào)節(jié)在適當(dāng)位置,電熱元件即可工作,就會(huì)有熱水從蓮蓬頭中源源不斷流出。
常見(jiàn)故障分析
一、電熱水器檢修工藝
下面以海爾電熱水器為例,對(duì)電熱水器的檢修工藝過(guò)程介紹如下:
1、電源檢查
用萬(wàn)用表交流電壓檔(~500V檔)測(cè)量插座零線和火線,零線和地線是否接通,若不通為正常;反之,則電源不能使用,應(yīng)修復(fù)。
(萬(wàn)用表使用方法圖解)
2、故障檢修程序
接通電源,可能出現(xiàn)兩種情況:指示燈亮或指示燈不亮。
(1)指示燈亮:待半小時(shí)左右,水溫升高10℃左右,說(shuō)明熱水器正常;若水溫不升高,由燈亮可知,漏電保護(hù)器、超溫管均正常,故障在加熱器。斷電后,檢測(cè)加熱元件,若電阻為無(wú)窮大,應(yīng)更換。
(2)指示燈不亮:若燈壞應(yīng)更換;燈好時(shí),應(yīng)檢查溫控器、超溫管、加熱器和漏電保護(hù)器以確定故障所在。
①對(duì)可調(diào)溫型溫控器,用萬(wàn)用表R×1檔測(cè)量,在關(guān)斷位置電阻為無(wú)窮大;在不同溫度控制點(diǎn)應(yīng)有不同電阻值與之對(duì)應(yīng);溫控器在未動(dòng)作時(shí),觸點(diǎn)為閉合狀態(tài),電阻近似為0,否則說(shuō)明溫控器損壞,應(yīng)更換。
(萬(wàn)用表測(cè)量溫控器圖解)
②超溫管在正常狀態(tài)下,電阻為0,否則已損壞,應(yīng)更換。
③用萬(wàn)用表檢測(cè)加熱器,電阻約24~48Ω,若為無(wú)窮大時(shí),應(yīng)更換加熱元件。
④檢查漏電保護(hù)器,應(yīng)將漏電保護(hù)器打到合閘位置,燈亮,水溫升高為正常;有時(shí)漏電保護(hù)器誤動(dòng)作,應(yīng)注意觀察,找出誤動(dòng)作原因。
(漏電保護(hù)器“合閘”狀態(tài))
若漏電保護(hù)器合不上閘,應(yīng)用萬(wàn)用表R×100檔依次檢測(cè)超溫管、溫控器和加熱器的對(duì)地電阻,表針指向∞位置為正常,表針指向0為漏電,找出漏電元件進(jìn)行更換,若無(wú)漏電元件,說(shuō)明漏電保護(hù)器已損壞,更換新的。
(漏電保護(hù)器“跳閘”狀態(tài))
3、安全性能測(cè)試
(1)漏電測(cè)試:重新合閘,按“試驗(yàn)”按鈕應(yīng)跳閘,漏電保護(hù)器為正常,再“合閘”燈亮。若熱水器無(wú)漏電保護(hù)器,用萬(wàn)用表電阻檔測(cè)量插頭的火線與地線、零線和地線,若指示為無(wú)窮大,說(shuō)明無(wú)漏電現(xiàn)象。
(2)泄漏電流測(cè)試:泄漏電流不應(yīng)超過(guò)規(guī)定的數(shù)值,海爾小海象為0.5mA/kW,大海象、金海象為0.3mA/kW,
(3)絕緣電阻用兆歐表測(cè)量應(yīng)大于50MΩ。
(4)電源的接地端與電熱水器易觸及金屬部件之間的接地電阻應(yīng)小于0.1Ω。
安全性能測(cè)試合格后,才能按工藝要求將電熱水器重新安裝好,投入使用。
二、電熱水器常見(jiàn)故障分析
1、出水不熱
(1)冷熱水調(diào)節(jié)不當(dāng):這是由于熱水閥開(kāi)得太小,冷水閥開(kāi)得太大造成的。應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)冷熱水閥的開(kāi)度,使出水溫度適合使用。
(2)電源未接通:調(diào)整電源插頭或開(kāi)關(guān),使其接觸良好。若采用的是漏電保護(hù)插頭,應(yīng)將其“復(fù)位按鈕”按下,排除以上故障若仍不能接通電源,應(yīng)拆開(kāi)電熱水器仔細(xì)檢查回路是否有導(dǎo)線脫落、斷開(kāi)等情況,若有,應(yīng)及時(shí)排除。
(3)電加熱器損壞:用萬(wàn)用表電阻檔測(cè)量電熱元件電阻值,正常情況下,1kW電熱水器,電阻為49Ω左右;3kW,16Ω左右。功率不同的電熱水器,其電熱元件的阻值不同。若電阻為無(wú)窮大,說(shuō)明電熱元件損壞,應(yīng)予更換。
(4)溫控器損壞:當(dāng)溫控器觸頭接觸不良或感溫體內(nèi)感溫劑泄漏時(shí),可引起溫控器不能正常工作。對(duì)于前者可拆開(kāi)壓力式溫控器進(jìn)行修復(fù);對(duì)于后者只好更換新的壓力式溫控器。
2、出水溫度太高
(1)冷熱水調(diào)節(jié)不當(dāng):適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)冷熱水閥的開(kāi)度。
(2)溫控器旋鈕調(diào)節(jié)不當(dāng)或觸點(diǎn)粘連:將溫控器旋鈕調(diào)至溫度較低處;對(duì)觸點(diǎn)粘連的,可將溫控器拆開(kāi),將粘連觸點(diǎn)分開(kāi),并對(duì)觸點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研修、調(diào)整,經(jīng)調(diào)整后,一般即可使用,必要時(shí)可進(jìn)行更換。
(3)限溫器失靈:檢修限溫器。
3、漏水
(1)管道連接處漏水:對(duì)接口密封不好造成的漏水,應(yīng)重新安裝接口;若屬自來(lái)水壓太高,應(yīng)在自來(lái)水道上設(shè)置減壓閥。
(2)安全閥接口漏水:是由于安全閥松扣或密封不好造成的,應(yīng)重新擰緊和密封。
4、出水帶電
(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地線,保證接地電阻小于0.1Ω。
(2)水中分布電流大:用細(xì)鋼絲編織成網(wǎng),包在出水口上,并與接地線良好接觸。
(3)電熱元件絕緣損壞或失效:更換電熱元件,更換時(shí)要保持電氣接觸良好,有關(guān)密封部分不漏水。
(4)內(nèi)部導(dǎo)線絕緣層損壞,搭接在外殼或內(nèi)膽上:拆開(kāi)電熱水器,檢查出導(dǎo)線絕緣層損壞的部分,進(jìn)行更換。
5、進(jìn)水困難
(1)臟堵:主要是由于自來(lái)水水質(zhì)不好,雜質(zhì)超量,堵住進(jìn)水口的逆止閥。設(shè)有進(jìn)水濾網(wǎng)的熱水器大都是濾網(wǎng)孔被堵。在確定水壓正常后,關(guān)閉自來(lái)水供水總閥,清理管路,沖出勝物或清洗濾網(wǎng)。
(2)汽堵:常見(jiàn)于密閉水箱貯水式電熱水器中。其特征是:熱水閥打開(kāi)后,噴出大量水蒸氣,此時(shí)應(yīng)將調(diào)溫器調(diào)到最小位置或切斷電源,先將蒸汽從熱水閥排出,然后打開(kāi)冷水進(jìn)水閥,使熱水器排水,降低水溫,再檢修溫控器;若熱水閥打開(kāi)后,熱汽斷續(xù)流出,量很小,一般是臟堵造成的。此時(shí)應(yīng)開(kāi)大熱水閥和冷水進(jìn)水閥,以降低水溫,待水溫降低后,檢查熱水閥是否臟堵,洗凈后冷水便會(huì)從熱水閥流出。
(3)供水壓力不正常:當(dāng)供水管路因水壓下降,供水壓力低于貯水壓力,逆止閥不能被頂開(kāi),會(huì)造成進(jìn)水困難。這種故障,待水壓正常后,故障即自行消失。
保養(yǎng)
使用一段時(shí)間后,應(yīng)取下噴頭,按安裝方法進(jìn)行沖洗。長(zhǎng)期使用后,若升溫慢,應(yīng)檢查電熱元件是否結(jié)垢,若結(jié)垢,可用去垢劑清除水垢。
若漏水,應(yīng)更換相應(yīng)的橡膠密封圈。
若加熱時(shí)蒸汽冒出,則表明恒溫器失效。或感溫頭脫出,應(yīng)關(guān)閉電路,經(jīng)檢查修復(fù)后再用。
加熱時(shí)因水的膨脹,噴頭有時(shí)會(huì)有少量熱水溢出,這屬正?,F(xiàn)象,不必過(guò)分用力擰緊熱水閥,以免加速損壞密封圈。
自來(lái)水閥可使用不帶手輪的閥門或者安裝好后取下手輪,以防誤關(guān)此閥,導(dǎo)致水箱缺水而燒毀電熱絲。
燃?xì)鉄崴?
結(jié)構(gòu)
目前,家用快速燃?xì)鉄崴鞒R?jiàn)為壁掛式,適合淋浴使用,主要由水路系統(tǒng)、燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)、熱交換系統(tǒng)、排煙系統(tǒng)和安全裝置五大部分組成。其結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖如下所示。
(1)水路系統(tǒng)主要包括進(jìn)水閥、水膜閥等,其中水膜閥是關(guān)鍵部件,起控制水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置的作用,當(dāng)水源切斷后立即切斷燃?xì)猓凰y是控制冷水進(jìn)入熱水器流量大小的裝置,水閥燃燒器在同樣工作狀態(tài)下,流量大的,輸出熱水溫較低,反之則水溫升高。
(2)燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)主要包括燃?xì)庹{(diào)節(jié)閥、水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥、常明火、主燃燒器。其中主燃燒器是熱水器供熱的主要部件;水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥是由水流的壓力差控制氣閥的開(kāi)啟以防止空燒。燃?xì)庹{(diào)節(jié)閥可調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入主燃燒器氣量,以達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)水溫的目的。
(3)熱交換系統(tǒng)主要包括腔體、集熱片和彎管。
(4)排煙系統(tǒng)包括熱水器外殼、排氣煙管和排煙口等。燃燒后的煙氣,須經(jīng)過(guò)排煙系統(tǒng)排出。
(5)安全裝置主要包括由熱電偶和電磁閥組成的熄火保護(hù)、缺氧保護(hù)、水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥防止空燒、排水閥防止過(guò)水壓和凍裂。
下面重點(diǎn)介紹燃?xì)鉄崴髦饕考Y(jié)構(gòu)原理。
一、點(diǎn)火裝置
點(diǎn)火裝置的作用是點(diǎn)燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃燒。當(dāng)按下點(diǎn)火按鈕時(shí),小火管有燃?xì)饬鞒觯藭r(shí)點(diǎn)火器工作,點(diǎn)燃旁邊的小火。燃?xì)鉄崴鞯狞c(diǎn)火方式主要有壓電陶瓷點(diǎn)火和電脈沖點(diǎn)火兩種。
二、水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥
水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥是保證燃?xì)鉄崴靼踩褂玫闹匾考?,其主要作用是:?dāng)水壓足夠,水在熱交換器中流動(dòng)時(shí),燃?xì)獠拍苓M(jìn)入主燃燒器進(jìn)行燃燒;而當(dāng)水流停止或壓力不足時(shí),自動(dòng)切斷燃?xì)夤┙o,以防因缺水面燃?jí)臒崴鳌?
三、燃燒器
1、常明火為點(diǎn)燃主燃燒器作準(zhǔn)備,常明火有單獨(dú)的燃?xì)馔贰M瑫r(shí)常明火加熱熄火保護(hù)裝置中的熱電偶,使電磁閥開(kāi)閉燃?xì)忾y門。當(dāng)由熱電偶或雙金屬片構(gòu)成的熄火保護(hù)裝置一旦檢測(cè)到常明小火熄滅,熄火保護(hù)裝置將自動(dòng)切斷氣源。
常明火點(diǎn)火管一般用銅管或不銹鋼制成,為保證燃燒的穩(wěn)定,大多采用大氣式燃燒方式,即燃燒前預(yù)混一部分空氣,由于這種燃燒方式火焰短而穩(wěn)定,用它加熱熱電偶或熱雙金屬片時(shí),熱量集中,不易產(chǎn)生誤動(dòng)作。
2、主燃燒器是燃?xì)鉄崴魈峁嵩吹闹饕考?,熱?fù)荷較大,火力強(qiáng)而且集中,火焰高度實(shí)短不宜長(zhǎng),一般采用大氣式燃燒器來(lái)滿足要求,而且大多不設(shè)一次調(diào)節(jié)裝置。
四、熱交換器
燃?xì)鉄崴鞯臒峤粨Q器主要有兩種類型,板管式和翅片管式。由不銹鋼或?qū)嵝粤己玫淖香~片、紫銅管制成。
五、熄火保護(hù)裝置
熄火保護(hù)裝置的主要功能,是在燃?xì)鉄崴鞯狞c(diǎn)火燃燒器(又稱常明火)因故熄火后,在數(shù)密封秒鐘后能自動(dòng)動(dòng)作,關(guān)閉燃?xì)忾y門。有機(jī)械和電磁兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式,分別稱為雙金屬片和熱電偶熄火保護(hù)裝置。
六、缺氧保護(hù)裝置
此裝置上有兩只熱電偶,正向熱電偶與熄火安全裝置熱電偶基本相同(參數(shù)為:25℃內(nèi)阻為(8.8±2)MΩ,700℃熱電勢(shì)20mV);反向熱電偶由兩根裸露電偶絲組成,材質(zhì)與正向熱電偶相同,但它的工作溫度較低,氧化作用不很明顯,它的安裝位置是保證熱電偶正常工作的重要條件(參數(shù)為:25℃內(nèi)阻18±2MΩ,700℃熱電勢(shì)6mV)。
在使用過(guò)程中,周圍環(huán)境氧氣含量不足或換熱器柵板阻塞時(shí),會(huì)造成燃燒器不完全燃燒,這時(shí)燃燒器火焰拉長(zhǎng),火焰溫度降低,兩只熱電偶產(chǎn)生的電勢(shì)差較少,當(dāng)環(huán)境氧氣含量低于18%時(shí),此裝置動(dòng)作,關(guān)閉燃?xì)鈿饴罚苊庠斐啥趸贾卸臼鹿?,此裝置使用壽命大于6000h,使用次數(shù)大于100000次。
七、防空燒(過(guò)熱)安全裝置
此裝置所用傳感器為正溫度系數(shù)的熱敏電阻。當(dāng)燃?xì)鉄崴鞒霈F(xiàn)空燒時(shí),因熱敏電阻此時(shí)已呈“高阻”狀態(tài),使通過(guò)電磁閥電流很小,在彈簧力作用下,鐵心與銜鐵分離,關(guān)閉燃?xì)鈿饴贰?
八、電磁閥
在燃?xì)鉄崴靼踩b置中,燃?xì)鈿饴返耐?、斷是由電磁閥控制的。
九、水溫調(diào)節(jié)裝置
調(diào)溫軸(水閥芯)的控制原理是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)水量增減,來(lái)達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)水溫目的。例如,欲提高淋浴水溫時(shí),將調(diào)溫軸調(diào)向“高溫”位置,實(shí)際上是關(guān)小水閥芯的開(kāi)啟度,使進(jìn)水量減少,則出口的溫度則會(huì)增加。
十、燃?xì)庑孤﹫?bào)警裝置
當(dāng)燃?xì)鉄崴骰蚺涮自O(shè)備發(fā)生燃?xì)庑孤r(shí),通過(guò)氣敏傳感器檢測(cè)出一定濃度的燃?xì)猓l(fā)出聲光報(bào)警信號(hào),提醒用戶排除故障或停止使用,避免造成火災(zāi)或中毒事故。先進(jìn)的泄漏報(bào)警裝置,在報(bào)警的同時(shí)自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟風(fēng)機(jī)通風(fēng)換氣,迅速排除室內(nèi)燃?xì)?,防止事故的發(fā)生和擴(kuò)大。
工作原理
打開(kāi)燃?xì)鈿忾y,燃?xì)膺M(jìn)人閥門內(nèi),按動(dòng)點(diǎn)火按鍵,點(diǎn)火微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)、快速微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)啟動(dòng),點(diǎn)火頭產(chǎn)生連續(xù)電火花,電磁閥線圈強(qiáng)行通人吸合電流,由氣閥桿推動(dòng),電磁閥被吸住,氣路打開(kāi),燃?xì)鈴狞c(diǎn)火燃燒器和長(zhǎng)明火燃燒器流出,被點(diǎn)火器的連續(xù)火花點(diǎn)燃,經(jīng)常明火火焰加熱的熄火保護(hù)裝置的熱電偶產(chǎn)生熱電勢(shì),在強(qiáng)制吸合電流斷開(kāi)時(shí),保持電磁閥處于吸合狀態(tài)。點(diǎn)火鍵復(fù)位,并關(guān)閉與點(diǎn)火鍵連動(dòng)的點(diǎn)火器閥門,此時(shí)點(diǎn)火器的火焰熄滅,僅保留常明火焰,這樣,燃?xì)獾竭_(dá)水氣連動(dòng)閥的氣閥前面。
打開(kāi)水龍頭,冷水進(jìn)入水氣連動(dòng)閥的水閥內(nèi),經(jīng)調(diào)溫旋鈕進(jìn)入熱交換器,同時(shí)有一部分水從調(diào)溫旋鈕分流,進(jìn)人混合管,因水氣連動(dòng)閥內(nèi)的膜片受水壓作用,推開(kāi)水氣連動(dòng)閥的氣閥。燃?xì)饨?jīng)燃?xì)庹{(diào)節(jié)閥、燃燒器調(diào)節(jié)旋鈕,從主燃燒器流出,被常明火點(diǎn)燃。流向熱交換器的水,被主燃燒器的火焰加熱成熱水,經(jīng)混合水管的冷水混合,就可從供熱水龍頭流出適合使用的熱水。
當(dāng)關(guān)閉出水口時(shí),水氣連動(dòng)閥內(nèi)的壓差消失,從而關(guān)閉了水氣連動(dòng)閥的氣閥,主燃燒器的火焰熄滅,熱水停止流出,按下熄火鍵,點(diǎn)火鍵復(fù)位,關(guān)閉主氣閥,常明火熄滅。此時(shí)熄火安全裝置的熱電偶的熱電勢(shì)下降,電磁閥關(guān)閉。
下圖為沈樂(lè)滿牌SR-5型后制式燃?xì)鉄崴麟姎庠韴D,供參考。
故障檢修
一、常見(jiàn)故障分析
1、打不著火或打火困難
(1)剛打開(kāi)氣源時(shí),由于氣管內(nèi)空氣尚未排空,短時(shí)間內(nèi)難以打火,只要多打幾次,讓氣管內(nèi)的空氣排空后,便能成功點(diǎn)火。
(2)噴嘴堵塞:在打火時(shí)有火星,而無(wú)法點(diǎn)燃火種,表明噴嘴有堵塞,此時(shí)只要將噴嘴進(jìn)行清理即可。
(3)點(diǎn)火針破裂或松動(dòng):多數(shù)熱水器點(diǎn)火針絕緣體是用陶瓷制作的,若陶瓷破裂或點(diǎn)火針?biāo)蓜?dòng),就會(huì)造成沒(méi)有對(duì)著火種進(jìn)行點(diǎn)火,打不著火。此時(shí)應(yīng)更換點(diǎn)火針或?qū)c(diǎn)火針進(jìn)行調(diào)整位置。
(4)壓電陶瓷失效手動(dòng)式熱水器一般是采用壓電陶瓷點(diǎn)火,若點(diǎn)火時(shí)無(wú)點(diǎn)火火花,通常是壓電陶瓷損壞造成的,應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行更換。
(5)水動(dòng)式熱水器電磁閥損壞,點(diǎn)火時(shí),有火星而點(diǎn)不著火,此時(shí)先檢查電磁閥接線是否良好,若未發(fā)現(xiàn)接線不良,應(yīng)更換電磁閥。
(6)水動(dòng)式熱水器點(diǎn)火時(shí)無(wú)火星此時(shí)按順序檢查電池是否有電或裝反,電池盒是否有接觸不良,微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)是否損壞,電脈沖發(fā)生器和接線是否有故障。排除故障后即可點(diǎn)火。
2、中途燎火
(1)熱電偶與電磁閥接觸不良或失效:若在熱水器使用過(guò)程中,偶然中途熄火,說(shuō)明熱電偶與電磁閥接觸不良,此時(shí)應(yīng)緊固兩者的聯(lián)接螺母;當(dāng)熱水器打火后,中途熄火的時(shí)間都較接近時(shí),表明熱電偶已開(kāi)始失效,應(yīng)盡早更換。當(dāng)熱水器每次中途熄火的時(shí)間不規(guī)則時(shí),表明火種與熱電偶的位置不太準(zhǔn)確,應(yīng)調(diào)整。
(2)燃?xì)鈿鈮翰环€(wěn)定:適當(dāng)調(diào)整氣源壓力或清洗火種噴嘴。
(3〉保護(hù)裝置動(dòng)作:當(dāng)直排式熱水器使用時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng),且室內(nèi)換氣較差時(shí),或熱交換器(水箱)長(zhǎng)期沒(méi)有清洗而造成嚴(yán)重積炭,保護(hù)裝置便會(huì)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉氣源,導(dǎo)致熄火。對(duì)于前者,需打開(kāi)門窗,使室內(nèi)空氣流通,對(duì)于后者需定期(每年1~2次)清洗熱交換器。
(4)水動(dòng)式熱水器離子感應(yīng)針被污染:若每次使用時(shí),都要打2~3次火,應(yīng)對(duì)感應(yīng)針進(jìn)行清洗,若經(jīng)清洗,還有同樣的問(wèn)題出現(xiàn),說(shuō)明感應(yīng)針的材質(zhì)或電子點(diǎn)火器質(zhì)量不良,應(yīng)及時(shí)更換。
3、漏氣
漏氣主要是由于密封用的密封圈破損老化或配合不嚴(yán)造成的。
(1)進(jìn)水接頭安裝不良而漏氣:重新安裝平面膠圈,上緊并緊固氣接頭。
(2)氣閥體上聯(lián)接面漏氣:更換密封膠圈。
(3)氣閥芯上的潤(rùn)滑脂干而漏氣:清洗氣閥芯,重新均勻涂上潤(rùn)滑脂(二硫化鉬),以確保氣閥芯不再漏氣。
4、漏水
(1)防凍排水閥經(jīng)多次拆裝,密封膠圈裂損造成的漏水,應(yīng)更換膠圈,并注意平日裝拆不應(yīng)用力過(guò)大。
(2)水閥芯膠圈因長(zhǎng)期使用磨損嚴(yán)重造成的漏水,只要更換膠圈便可正常使用。
(3)水閥頂軸膠圈處比較容易漏水,若是水動(dòng)式熱水器,水會(huì)直接流到微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)處造成打不著火,因此膠圈磨損,應(yīng)及時(shí)更換。
(4)連接熱水器的冷、熱水軟管和淋浴器的漏水,較易發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)單維修或更換便能使用。
(5)供水壓力過(guò)高,可更換高壓熱水器或在進(jìn)水閥前加裝節(jié)流閥。
(6)熱水器“空燒”造成漏水。這時(shí),關(guān)閉熱水器水閥時(shí),主燃燒器不熄滅,造成“空燒”或回火,易燒化焊錫,嚴(yán)重時(shí)燒穿紫銅管,造成漏水,此故障應(yīng)更換熱盤管。
5、產(chǎn)生紅火或冒黑煙
(1)燃燒器內(nèi)存污物:將細(xì)鐵絲尖部彎曲,從引射口處插入燃燒器內(nèi),反復(fù)旋轉(zhuǎn),進(jìn)行清理。也可將燃燒器拆下來(lái),用水沖澆。
(2)燃?xì)鈮毫Σ蛔悖簯?yīng)設(shè)法提高其供氣壓力。另外,有時(shí)因天氣潮濕,也會(huì)產(chǎn)生紅火,待天氣好轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)又恢復(fù)正常。
(3)氣路不暢造成缺氧:清理氣路中的異物,并開(kāi)機(jī)(換氣扇、排風(fēng)扇、開(kāi)窗等)通風(fēng)。
6、出水溫度過(guò)低
(1)供氣壓力不足:這是造成出水溫度過(guò)低的主要原因,應(yīng)調(diào)整減壓閥。若是管道燃?xì)?,可通知供氣部門調(diào)整;若是熱水器流量大,使供氣管或煤氣表負(fù)荷滿足不了熱水器的耗氣量,應(yīng)更換較大的煤氣表或更換流量較小的熱水器。
(2)噴嘴堵塞造成火焰變小:清理噴嘴。
(3)水閥橡膠膜有小的破裂:使水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥門開(kāi)度不足,造成燃燒火力不強(qiáng),出水溫度過(guò)低。應(yīng)更換橡膠膜。
(4)部分地區(qū)水壓較大,使水流經(jīng)熱交換器時(shí)間較短,出水溫度過(guò)低,應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)小水量。
7、火種留不住
(1)火種供氣管堵塞:當(dāng)點(diǎn)燃火種時(shí),手松開(kāi)也不見(jiàn)火種,爾后能聽(tīng)到電磁閥釋放聲,說(shuō)明火種供氣管堵塞,對(duì)此可進(jìn)行疏通。
(2)熱電偶或電磁閥損壞:檢查時(shí),按下點(diǎn)火按鈕,不見(jiàn)火種,也聽(tīng)不到電磁閥動(dòng)作聲,說(shuō)明熱電偶或電磁閥損壞。電磁閥的損壞一般是線圈斷路,可用萬(wàn)用表檢查。若電阻為無(wú)窮大,對(duì)此可進(jìn)行更換;對(duì)熱電偶應(yīng)檢查連接導(dǎo)線有無(wú)斷路,再檢查熱電偶是否移位,并擦凈表面氧化物;最后檢查熱電偶是否失效,方法是:將熱電偶從固定夾中卸出懸空,用萬(wàn)用表pA檔串入,用打火機(jī)給熱電偶加熱,15s后若電流很小(接近為0),說(shuō)明熱電偶失效,應(yīng)更換。
(3)熱電偶性能變差:點(diǎn)火按鈕松開(kāi)后有火種,但不久會(huì)自動(dòng)熄滅,是因熱電偶性能變差引起的,這時(shí)可將熱電偶調(diào)到最佳受熱位置,一般就可排除,必要時(shí),更換熱電偶。
8、主燃燒器不能點(diǎn)燃
(1)水壓不足:引起水壓不足的原因,一是當(dāng)?shù)厮畨翰蛔悖请s物堵塞水道。對(duì)于后者可清理過(guò)濾網(wǎng)內(nèi)的雜質(zhì)。
(2)主燃燒器的燃?xì)夤艿辣欢氯哼M(jìn)行疏通。
(3)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥的隔膜室隔膜穿孔:隔膜穿孔后,無(wú)法推動(dòng)頂桿打開(kāi)主燃燒器的燃?xì)忾y塞。修理時(shí),拆開(kāi)閥體,拆下膜片上的銅螺栓和墊片,更換同規(guī)格的新隔膜。
(4)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥的銅頂桿長(zhǎng)期與水、燃?xì)饨佑|,造成氧化折斷:更換新配件,也可用不銹鋼材料按同樣規(guī)格制成頂桿進(jìn)行更換。
(5)隔膜室螺釘松動(dòng):松動(dòng)后,造成隔膜室漏水,水壓下降,頂桿無(wú)法打開(kāi)燃?xì)忾y塞,對(duì)此可緊固隔膜室螺釘。效果不好時(shí),可拆開(kāi)隔膜室,在接合面周圍涂上一層粘補(bǔ)膠,然后再緊固螺釘,干燥固化后即可使用。
(6)隔膜室中的壓差平衡彈簧折斷:更換新配件。
9、隨著“叭”的一聲響,全機(jī)熄滅
(1)點(diǎn)燃正常10s后出現(xiàn)聲響和熄滅﹑這多是熱電偶損壞造成的。檢查時(shí),用氣體打火機(jī)燃燒熱電偶尖端,用萬(wàn)用mV檔測(cè)量?jī)啥穗妷?,正常?0mV左右,若為0,說(shuō)明熱電偶損壞,應(yīng)更換。
(2)正常使用10min后,出現(xiàn)聲響和熄滅,這多是缺氧造成的,應(yīng)及時(shí)補(bǔ)充新鮮空氣。
10、關(guān)閉熱水閥后,主燃燒器熄火
(1)燃?xì)忾y塞被水氣連動(dòng)閥頂桿卡住,打開(kāi)水氣連動(dòng)閥,清理閥內(nèi)頂桿表面的水銹,涂上潤(rùn)滑油,重新裝好。
(2)壓差平衡器的眼孔被管道內(nèi)異物堵塞拆開(kāi)閥殼,疏通眼孔。
11、熱水水流不暢、水溫偏高
(1)水溫調(diào)節(jié)旋鈕使用不當(dāng):檢查水溫旋鈕是否置于需要的位置上,位置有誤時(shí),應(yīng)予糾正(溫度“最高”為水流最小,溫度“最低”為水流最大)。
(2)水溫調(diào)節(jié)失控:若是旋鈕錯(cuò)位引起閥芯開(kāi)度和指示溫度不一致,應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)整,必要時(shí)更換滑牙的旋鈕;水溫控制閥閥桿和閥芯密封件老化損壞時(shí),會(huì)引起水流不暢,應(yīng)更換密封件。
12、炮火保護(hù)裝置失靈
(1)熱電偶的探頭和點(diǎn)火燃燒器的位置不當(dāng):調(diào)整時(shí),可稍松一下固定熱電偶探頭的螺釘,將探頭移至點(diǎn)火燃燒溫度較高的位置,進(jìn)行反復(fù)點(diǎn)火試驗(yàn),直至電磁閥吸合,再將緊固螺釘擰緊。
(2)熱電偶與電磁閥之間的連接螺母松動(dòng):將松動(dòng)的螺母擰緊即可。
(3)熱電偶損壞:若熱電偶斷線或發(fā)生在熱點(diǎn)上的短路,一般是無(wú)法修復(fù)的,應(yīng)進(jìn)行更換。方法是:擰開(kāi)與電磁閥連接的螺母,并松開(kāi)探頭在點(diǎn)火燃燒器旁的螺釘,拆下熱電偶。更換新熱電偶時(shí),先將它與電磁閥連接的螺母擰緊,再將偶線彎成需要的形狀.將探頭固定在點(diǎn)火燃燒器附近溫度較高的位置,裝好后進(jìn)行點(diǎn)火試驗(yàn),確認(rèn)電磁閥動(dòng)作后,再進(jìn)一步擰緊螺釘、螺母。
(4)電磁閥吸合電流變大:這多是由于銜鐵極面被氣源腐蝕和污染造成的。電磁閥吸合時(shí)間,剛出廠時(shí),5s即可吸合。使用中的燃?xì)鉄崴?,電磁閥若在點(diǎn)火后30s還不吸合,就應(yīng)進(jìn)行去污或更換處理。
(5)電磁閥線圈斷、短路或銜鐵移位:這類故障,一般很難修復(fù),應(yīng)更換同型號(hào)電磁閥,更換方法見(jiàn)前。
13、調(diào)節(jié)水溫的方法
(1)調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)氣閥控制燃?xì)膺M(jìn)量,可調(diào)節(jié)水溫。
(2)調(diào)節(jié)水溫調(diào)節(jié)器,可控制出水溫度。
(3)調(diào)節(jié)自來(lái)水閥控制最大水流量,可調(diào)節(jié)最低溫度。
(4)水氣連動(dòng)閥還有自動(dòng)控溫的作用。
14、水垢的清除方法
水垢產(chǎn)生后,會(huì)使熱水器熱效率降低,同時(shí)還會(huì)使熱水器管徑變小,熱水產(chǎn)率下降,水溫過(guò)高,甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生局部堵塞。為此應(yīng)一年左右清洗一次,清洗的方法很多,下面僅介紹一種簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的方法。
(1)買一袋鋁壺―次清除水垢劑,將其倒人約1.2L飲料瓶中,并加人約1L溫水,攪拌均勻。
(2〉按圖所示連接好。打開(kāi)水溫開(kāi)關(guān),用手?jǐn)D壓飲料瓶,待除垢液進(jìn)入熱水器,并從進(jìn)水管流出時(shí),關(guān)閉水溫開(kāi)關(guān)。
(3)點(diǎn)燃熱水器常明小火,對(duì)除垢液加溫,待10~15min后,關(guān)閉常明小火,打開(kāi)水溫開(kāi)關(guān),將飲料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入熱水器并從進(jìn)水口排出(可重復(fù)幾次)。
(4)卸下飲料瓶,接好進(jìn)水管,打開(kāi)冷水閥門,用清水將熱水器管道內(nèi)殘余的水垢及除垢液沖洗干凈即可。
15、水動(dòng)式熱水器有水流出,但不點(diǎn)火
水動(dòng)式熱水器是在打開(kāi)進(jìn)水閥門或熱水閥門時(shí),熱水器便會(huì)自動(dòng)點(diǎn)火,數(shù)秒鐘后便有熱水產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)有水流而不點(diǎn)火時(shí),其故障原因是多種多樣的,可以按以下步驟進(jìn)行檢查并排除故障。
(1)打開(kāi)水源開(kāi)關(guān),查看指示燈是否有亮,如果紅色亮,表明電池已達(dá)到無(wú)電狀態(tài),需更換電池;如果綠色亮,但無(wú)“嗒,嗒,嗒”響聲及點(diǎn)火火花,表明點(diǎn)火器高壓包燒毀或高壓線脫落,應(yīng)重新連接高壓線或更換點(diǎn)火器;如果指示燈不亮又無(wú)點(diǎn)火火花出現(xiàn)、應(yīng)檢查有沒(méi)有安裝電池或電池是否裝反,如果電池安裝正常,則需檢查電源連線是否可靠,發(fā)現(xiàn)情況應(yīng)及時(shí)排除。
(2)當(dāng)所有電導(dǎo)線未發(fā)現(xiàn)異常時(shí),先檢查微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)〈有的熱水器用水動(dòng)磁控開(kāi)關(guān)),用手按動(dòng)微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)或直接用導(dǎo)線(或旋具)進(jìn)行短路連接,此時(shí)如果有點(diǎn)火動(dòng)作,則證明是微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)故障或開(kāi)關(guān)撥片位置不對(duì),應(yīng)予以更換或調(diào)整。如果按動(dòng)或短路微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān),均無(wú)點(diǎn)火動(dòng)作,則是點(diǎn)火器的故障,需更換點(diǎn)火器。
(3)當(dāng)打開(kāi)水源開(kāi)關(guān)后有點(diǎn)火火花而沒(méi)有著火時(shí),應(yīng)先檢查點(diǎn)火針位置是否對(duì)準(zhǔn)燃燒器,然后再檢查電磁閥的連線連接是否良好,同時(shí)可根據(jù)該熱水器的用電池情況,對(duì)電磁閥接入3V(或1.5V)的直流電壓,查看燃燒器是否著火,如有著火,則表明點(diǎn)火器輸出電流不足,需更換;如未有著火,則表明電磁閥有故障,也需更換。
(4)如果上述幾種方法都無(wú)法查出原因時(shí),就要檢查其他的安全保護(hù)裝置,例如,過(guò)熱保護(hù)裝置是否熔斷或開(kāi)路;防止不完全燃燒裝置的熱電偶是否反接或開(kāi)路;水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置是否活動(dòng)自如(反復(fù)開(kāi)、關(guān)水源、微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)撥片應(yīng)左右移動(dòng),如果不動(dòng)作則是水閥膜片穿孔或聯(lián)動(dòng)桿卡死等)。
(5)在各項(xiàng)檢查前應(yīng)先檢查氣源是否開(kāi)啟,連接氣源的氣管是否折疊或太長(zhǎng),如果氣管太長(zhǎng),應(yīng)先多點(diǎn)火幾次,讓氣管內(nèi)的空氣排空后,方可點(diǎn)火成功。
16、開(kāi)水不著火或低溫時(shí)熄火
(1)水壓偏低因水壓低,而無(wú)法打開(kāi)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥,燃?xì)饩蜔o(wú)法出來(lái)被點(diǎn)燃。
(2)水閥的橡膠薄膜破損、變形或偏心更換橡膠薄膜。
(3)進(jìn)水管濾網(wǎng)堵塞、淋浴噴頭堵塞以及水閥內(nèi)的文氏管松動(dòng)︰平時(shí)必須經(jīng)常清理。使熱水器保持較佳使用狀態(tài)。
17、開(kāi)水熄火或未開(kāi)水著火
(1)冷熱水閥門漏水或關(guān)閉不嚴(yán),使熱水器內(nèi)有一定水壓,打開(kāi)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥而造成此故障更換或關(guān)嚴(yán)冷、熱水閥門。
(2)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥內(nèi)頂桿被卡死,或長(zhǎng)期停用頂桿被粘著,膠圈變形造成頂桿運(yùn)動(dòng)緩慢而不熄火拆下頂桿清洗,并加潤(rùn)滑油。
(3)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥的氣閥門彈簧器日久彈力不足更換彈簧。
(4)水閥進(jìn)水管因無(wú)濾網(wǎng),造成雜質(zhì)卡死水閥頂軸而不炮火﹑先清洗干凈水閥內(nèi)部,再在進(jìn)水管補(bǔ)加濾網(wǎng),以保證水質(zhì)干凈。
二、故障代碼與解決方案
現(xiàn)在很多產(chǎn)品都自帶有自檢功能,會(huì)根據(jù)提示告訴你產(chǎn)品出現(xiàn)了什么問(wèn)題,讓用戶能快速找到問(wèn)題,并且解決問(wèn)題,相當(dāng)?shù)闹悄芑诵曰?
保養(yǎng)
一、使用時(shí)應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查常明火是否正常工作,有無(wú)阻塞;如火焰微弱,應(yīng)立即關(guān)閉燃?xì)鈿庠撮_(kāi)關(guān),待清除垢物后,再行點(diǎn)燃。
二、熱水器使用一段時(shí)間(一般為半年左右)后,應(yīng)對(duì)水管、燃?xì)夤堋⑷莘e式熱水器的水箱等進(jìn)行除垢,以防過(guò)濾網(wǎng)(見(jiàn)下圖)被堵。水箱有沉積物,會(huì)影響熱水器的正常使用。
三、每隔數(shù)月,應(yīng)清除熱水器排氣口、進(jìn)氣排氣筒、熱交換器及周圍積炭和灰垢。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)大量積炭或有許多阻塞物時(shí),可將熱水器卸下,倒過(guò)來(lái)輕輕清除,也可用自來(lái)水沖洗,沖洗時(shí)嚴(yán)禁將水濺到燃燒器噴嘴和常明火上,待干燥后再安裝使用。
四、一般情況下,熱水器使用一年后,應(yīng)對(duì)其做一次全面檢查,查清供氣和供水系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)裝置是否完好、正常,有無(wú)漏氣、漏水等異常現(xiàn)象。
五、如使用的水質(zhì)較硬,應(yīng)在熱水器的前端裝配一水質(zhì)軟化裝置,并及時(shí)清除熱交換盤管(即蛇形管)或水箱的水垢。
六、經(jīng)常擦試外殼。
太陽(yáng)能熱水器
結(jié)構(gòu)原理
太陽(yáng)能熱水器一般由集熱器、貯熱裝置、循環(huán)管路、輔助裝置及淋浴噴頭等部分組成。
一、集熱器
集熱器是太陽(yáng)能熱水器的關(guān)鍵部件,其性能好壞,對(duì)熱水器的性能起著決定性的作用。按收集太陽(yáng)能的不同原理,可分為平板型集熱器和聚光型集熱器兩種。聚光型集熱器只能聚集太陽(yáng)的直射輻射能,需要對(duì)太陽(yáng)進(jìn)行跟蹤,增加了裝置成本,只有在需要附到較高溫度等特殊場(chǎng)合使用;平板型集熱器是目前應(yīng)用較廣泛的一種,它不僅能吸收太陽(yáng)的直射輻射,還可以收集太剛的散射輻射。
二、貯熱裝置
貯熱裝置通常作為短期貯存熱水、減少熱損失的容器,貯熱效果主要取決于裝置保溫性能的好壞。
三、循環(huán)管路
循環(huán)管路的作用是連通集熱器、貯熱水箱,形成一個(gè)完整的循環(huán)加熱系統(tǒng)。
四、輔助裝置
輔助裝置的作用是使整個(gè)熱水器裝置能正常工作,并通過(guò)儀表加以顯示。輔助裝置包括水位顯示裝置、溫度顯示裝置、循環(huán)泵、控制系統(tǒng)及輔助熱源等。
故障檢修
一、太陽(yáng)能熱水器的常見(jiàn)故障及排除方法見(jiàn)下表。
二、故障代碼與解決方案
保養(yǎng)
必須經(jīng)常保持集熱器上蓋的清潔;要防止空曬;使用一定時(shí)間后,應(yīng)進(jìn)行清潔處理,排除沉積的污垢;冬季停用時(shí),必須將集熱器及管道中的水排凈,以防凍裂。
以上就是對(duì)熱水器如何維修問(wèn)題的介紹,希望能對(duì)您有所幫助!
%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"熱水器已成為生活中重要的一部分,給人們的生活帶來(lái)極大的方便。但由于元器件自然老化、操作者的熟練程度、工作環(huán)境和工作強(qiáng)度等諸多因素常引發(fā)各類故障。接下來(lái)就為大家介紹如何維修熱水器的問(wèn)題。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOoMdgI2YoYWSexY7dVcZ2pMnDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWYwdY2W6ouAUKxOM9McpuPzneg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KygedMsoWoOKu6x4dTRcL1OenQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低、熱效率高、無(wú)污染、使用方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn),使用壽命一般為15年左右,主要有貯水式和速熱式兩種。由于速熱式電熱水器功率高達(dá)3kW以上,且易漏電,很少有人問(wèn)津;貯水式一般功率在1~2kW之間,安全方便,受到消費(fèi)者喜愛(ài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ee2WdOOIcoMkMwxC0wkctSSEnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、貯水式電熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoEkdemA8ocwCSxl8dwcMZCjnbW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯水式電熱水器一般由箱體系統(tǒng)、制熱系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和進(jìn)出水系統(tǒng)四大部分組成。下面為部分國(guó)產(chǎn)名牌電熱水器的結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkCcdGS2goU480xczSccDttDnTf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":485,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ed7f139bafc4003b23a89038aa95292","width":692},"text":"","id":"GMuEdek0Io6GIAxyk5fcJcirnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"、箱體系統(tǒng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmSodaAs8oQwsCxm4VtcHuyGnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"箱體系統(tǒng)由外殼、內(nèi)膽、保溫層等構(gòu)成,起到貯水保溫的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKUAdWCA4oEOesx0cKccGcX2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)外殼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgCUdIyWwoy2MsxgjB3cgHIxn6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外殼是電熱水器的基本骨架,大部分部件都安裝或固定在上面,所用材料有塑料、彩板、冷軋板、噴粉等幾種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQScdAQSmoCkwkxYTK5cEPeSnUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)內(nèi)膽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSwIdU4eIowMc6xGwblc81Klnyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"內(nèi)膽既是盛水的容器,又是對(duì)外加熱的場(chǎng)所,其壽命決定于內(nèi)膽的材料和制造工藝。常見(jiàn)內(nèi)膽材料有鍍鋅鐵板、不銹鋼板和鋼板內(nèi)涂搪瓷三種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqwgdA6oQoAe48xALuqcsNBan4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)陽(yáng)級(jí)棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IS8ydEOwMomQq8x477ecrmyHn2X"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯水式電熱水器中的陽(yáng)極棒是一根金屬鎂棒,主要用來(lái)保護(hù)金屬水箱不被腐蝕和阻止水垢的形成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8g4ds2g6oaoG2xkxhgcFS0znXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)保溫層","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcAadA6GWoSsi8xeq3oclbUNnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"外殼與內(nèi)膽之間的保溫層,起減少熱損失的作用,一般采用聚氨酯發(fā)泡、玻璃棉、石棉、纖維、氈和軟木等。為增強(qiáng)保溫效果,現(xiàn)多采用高密度聚氨酯發(fā)泡材料充填的新工藝,充填扎實(shí),密封保溫性好,即使12h不通電,水溫也僅下降2℃左右。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4A2dOigWogGksxgDD2cEGsUnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)爐膛","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAcCdSEWqo4YOkxgrLDcRJQQn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"爐膛用于安裝加熱體和限溫器,是由爐膛底盤、爐膛管、爐膛帽、溫控管、螺孔柱焊接而成。螺孔柱經(jīng)鉆孔攻螺紋,用于安裝鎂棒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIOGdU04SocMegxOSCkc7YIlnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、制熱系統(tǒng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUCAdGGQWo4aSixIXogcaeuOnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器采用的電熱元件多采用管狀結(jié)構(gòu),為提高熱效率,直接放在水中加熱,形狀可根據(jù)內(nèi)膽結(jié)構(gòu)彎成U形或其他形狀,金屬護(hù)套管常見(jiàn)為不銹鋼管或銅管。電加熱管在通電后,其內(nèi)部高電阻電熱合金絲發(fā)熱,通過(guò)金屬管內(nèi)的絕緣填充料導(dǎo)熱至金屬套管,起加熱作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wsu0dye0SoYyS2xEFYEcucQpnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電加熱管使用時(shí)間一長(zhǎng),在電加熱管表面容易結(jié)污垢,不僅影響發(fā)熱效果,而且會(huì)產(chǎn)生漏電現(xiàn)象。為此海爾、小鴨、東寶等廠家,將熱水器部分產(chǎn)品的電熱元件改為高壓耐熱的陶瓷發(fā)熱器,如圖所示。間接加熱內(nèi)膽中的水(通電后,首先預(yù)熱周圍的空氣,然后通過(guò)鋼板對(duì)水加熱),使水電分離,不僅無(wú)漏電之憂,且可超快速加熱。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mi4WdcQ0aogw8qxS4dOcysZnnyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":834,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b3cc4067eb243bea2fe1a07e4f33158","width":1495},"text":"","id":"IG20dsouAoA6ucxi40TcCh31nvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、控制系統(tǒng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HyEEdsimwoQyKIxqgtMcRDCrnGe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器的控制系統(tǒng)主要包括溫控器和漏電保護(hù)器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8s4dwgoEo0uOOxAfqYcRpRKnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)溫控器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZeG0dUggeocA4XxaLXMcRebMncH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"電熱水器中使用的溫控器主要有雙金屬片溫控器、蒸氣壓力式溫控器和電子溫控器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcGUduo6Wo8IYaxGGumcl4mtnVd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d45ae36f068d41a9801db870951e9a5f","width":801},"text":"","id":"NIMIdqMS0o004uxMBSEc6U2jnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)漏電保護(hù)器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KGqGdSwy6oAaqAxJD5GcQ6ZUnEW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在電熱水器的漏電保護(hù)器中、將15mA確定為危險(xiǎn)電流,超過(guò)這一數(shù)值時(shí)漏電保護(hù)器動(dòng)作,正常的動(dòng)作范圍為15~30mA。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OUG6di2y8ouWGqxiorTcob2Jnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海爾電熱水器選用的是進(jìn)口漏電保護(hù)器,動(dòng)作值為15mA,動(dòng)作時(shí)間為0.1s。小鴨等品牌電熱水器電源線帶有先進(jìn)的電子控制漏電保護(hù)插頭,其技術(shù)參數(shù)為:額定電壓220V(5OHz),額定電流10A,漏電動(dòng)作范圍5~10mA,漏電動(dòng)作時(shí)間≤50ms,最大分?jǐn)嗄芰?00A,最大負(fù)載功率2200W。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZU2idaWugo0GYOxgnN2cUfXIn4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e1fde3f53c6e4c828c774f1ace78784a","width":768},"text":"","id":"TYMWdUC4OocYu8xOCKCccvJWnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、進(jìn)、出水系統(tǒng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ky6ediEagoKsqQxGIZScNYd6nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"進(jìn)、出水系統(tǒng)由進(jìn)、出水管,混合閥、安全閥和淋浴噴頭等組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6YmdMAUCoigsSxaYtzctAlPnJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)混合閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEcWdcseaoIIekxLMrpc6eL4njr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"混合閥的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示。由圖可知,熱水器內(nèi)膽出水管、混合閥、噴頭和大氣相通,不受混合閥冷、熱閥門控制膽內(nèi)壓力,故稱為出口敞開(kāi)式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XoQUdumU4o0Cwixu2NAcJhcEnNH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":744,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f948916cdd73493fbd760ee2c8fbdf5e","width":887},"text":"","id":"GcYodwiKio28qIxI3rZcrg7OnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"單獨(dú)打開(kāi)右側(cè)紅點(diǎn)熱水旋閥,自來(lái)水經(jīng)出水管、混合閥、噴頭流出,出熱水,出水壓力由熱水閥控制;單獨(dú)打開(kāi)左側(cè)藍(lán)點(diǎn)冷水旋閥,自來(lái)水直接經(jīng)混合閥由噴頭流出冷水,出水壓力由冷水閥控制。當(dāng)同時(shí)打開(kāi)冷熱水閥門時(shí),冷水和熱水在混合閥出水口混合,適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)冷熱水閥門大小,可得到所需水溫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMIEdCiO0oCiMuxsjuGcOCZ4nUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eum6dA6iQoGYOcxOUPKc3d3Tnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在自來(lái)水壓力突然增高或加熱水溫過(guò)熱,造成內(nèi)膽壓力超過(guò)規(guī)定耐壓值時(shí),安全閥會(huì)自動(dòng)排壓,以保護(hù)內(nèi)膽。在加熱過(guò)程中,安全閥會(huì)有緩慢的滴水現(xiàn)象,不是故障,是一種正?,F(xiàn)象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YGCEdWowUoieUkxKyNwcIBctnUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":425,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b41181aa1d5a4c8d875265320248ecf3","width":745},"text":"","id":"RYIMdu4Cqoc4EGxwXfncl2GZnZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmyedIIOqoeae6xUNwZcy3jHn2d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"貯水式電熱水器的加熱分單加熱器加熱和雙加熱器加熱兩種。前者,--般用在容積不太大的熱水器中;后者、往往用于容積較大的熱水器中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWqSdAaAioQkWMxEVekc7UZtncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、速熱式電熱水器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSKod68S0o20WSxqC48c6n8enme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速熱水器一般在接通電源、開(kāi)啟水閥后,僅需十幾秒就會(huì)有充足的熱水源源流出,因此也稱流動(dòng)式或即熱式電熱水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VU0Kdg0uMoC8ogx6azGccJl1nIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、基本結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DecCdoQWWok8a2xi2Wccp2g6npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速熱水器主要由外殼、內(nèi)腔、電熱元件、壓力開(kāi)關(guān)和溫度控制等部分組成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DICsdMQ2uoKQmUx2RktcUhz5nEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSy4duKQKouamqxsB9XcQ3NAn0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)腔體式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWawdoSououGGAxSM2vcAyuznwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打開(kāi)進(jìn)水閥門,水流入腔體。當(dāng)水充滿腔體后,在水壓和重力作用下,使橡皮膜下凹,從而帶動(dòng)通過(guò)膜片中心的通水管子上端,使觸點(diǎn)閉合接通電源,這樣電阻絲通電發(fā)熱,被加熱的水沿通水管上開(kāi)有的小孔流入管內(nèi),再經(jīng)過(guò)蓮蓬頭噴射出來(lái),供人們使用。當(dāng)停止進(jìn)水時(shí),靠橡皮膜彈力恢復(fù)使觸頭斷開(kāi),從而切斷電源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEwWdwcICoEuA0xO02FcSwJ0nZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水槽式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKYIdQOSOow86cxE6smc1JNZnPM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在未接通水源時(shí),壓力開(kāi)關(guān)處于常態(tài)(觸點(diǎn)斷開(kāi)),微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)s不動(dòng)作,從而繼電器線圈不通電,這時(shí)整機(jī)不工作。接通水源后,因水壓升高,這時(shí)壓力開(kāi)關(guān)觸點(diǎn)動(dòng)作,繼電器KA吸合,主電路觸點(diǎn)閉合,指示燈HL點(diǎn)亮,這時(shí)只要將轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)(功率調(diào)節(jié)器)根據(jù)需要調(diào)節(jié)在適當(dāng)位置,電熱元件即可工作,就會(huì)有熱水從蓮蓬頭中源源不斷流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow6CdMSQAoOCqCxM6DjcLzpenWc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":594,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c5ef3ba42b5c4b979caf872e28067009","width":1499},"text":"","id":"Nu4qdWYGkosu2wxeIb9clBTGnFb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NqkSdA84CosOaWx8gStc7Vy5nDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、電熱水器檢修工藝","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0yod2SIYoCMSexOItkcwiQIn5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面以海爾電熱水器為例,對(duì)電熱水器的檢修工藝過(guò)程介紹如下:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T08IdKAKUo0ycsxg7aVcNhtqn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、電源檢查","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYw2dIQOcoQO6WxCYELc3LXjncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用萬(wàn)用表交流電壓檔(~500V檔)測(cè)量插座零線和火線,零線和地線是否接通,若不通為正常;反之,則電源不能使用,應(yīng)修復(fù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoSqdIE2koO6sgxusqAceG3Tnrg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2e6001ebbd24fbb9fc6e0f85d6baaac","width":1286},"text":"","id":"PSAKd268AoUGgYx06iEc79RCnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(萬(wàn)用表使用方法圖解)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGkIdUy2UosqYoxYJx2cxdiXnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":355,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/955e1857d6294d6eb1a49dc5afb17d04","width":710},"text":"","id":"CCusdiY8koY2gSxOoVXcvs25nOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、故障檢修程序","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UuC4dCUcEooUikxCa9acVtSan1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"接通電源,可能出現(xiàn)兩種情況:指示燈亮或指示燈不亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaKGdmcuWosMAexSSvlcDDhjnxe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e019c415f34845a78220704962986817","width":1280},"text":"","id":"PAmsdkye4ok6MkxGiylcHC4en4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)指示燈亮:待半小時(shí)左右,水溫升高10℃左右,說(shuō)明熱水器正常;若水溫不升高,由燈亮可知,漏電保護(hù)器、超溫管均正常,故障在加熱器。斷電后,檢測(cè)加熱元件,若電阻為無(wú)窮大,應(yīng)更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEGed68eQo4GwQxA8j2cK7gRnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)指示燈不亮:若燈壞應(yīng)更換;燈好時(shí),應(yīng)檢查溫控器、超溫管、加熱器和漏電保護(hù)器以確定故障所在。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PiekdWycIoqmo0xqe80cOSuQnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①對(duì)可調(diào)溫型溫控器,用萬(wàn)用表R×1檔測(cè)量,在關(guān)斷位置電阻為無(wú)窮大;在不同溫度控制點(diǎn)應(yīng)有不同電阻值與之對(duì)應(yīng);溫控器在未動(dòng)作時(shí),觸點(diǎn)為閉合狀態(tài),電阻近似為0,否則說(shuō)明溫控器損壞,應(yīng)更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYIAdeQ8yos2SkxsNFZc4cqonZd"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":616,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3665f75639dc46ae81edcd42ef81e7e2","width":1145},"text":"","id":"PkKQdm6syoCs2ox8bBhcNSUGnyh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":621,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23028d8ff7394739aee9ae83355afe12","width":975},"text":"","id":"Pmo0dKQkuocgusxo9xNcFUKRnjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":621,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/23028d8ff7394739aee9ae83355afe12","width":975},"text":"","id":"Pmo0dKQkuocgusxo9xNcFUKRnjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":610,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d2e66ab337d4dab9ea47dbdd394cef8","width":939},"text":"","id":"DQ42do6Qyoky2GxiiORc1mUdnyg"}],"text":"","id":"ECs4dSMWgoq2AOx0s0EciBiqnjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(萬(wàn)用表測(cè)量溫控器圖解)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECs4dSMWgoq2AOx0s0EciBiqnjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②超溫管在正常狀態(tài)下,電阻為0,否則已損壞,應(yīng)更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FeKqdgmyGo4m4cx8GXgcxv7EnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③用萬(wàn)用表檢測(cè)加熱器,電阻約24~48Ω,若為無(wú)窮大時(shí),應(yīng)更換加熱元件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GykGd4Eseoo0Uuxyha6czMc1ntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/871ebc757e274a9f9824cfa24b63626d","width":1193},"text":"","id":"NQWSde2G8omeCCxyuuMcMhtbnih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④檢查漏電保護(hù)器,應(yīng)將漏電保護(hù)器打到合閘位置,燈亮,水溫升高為正常;有時(shí)漏電保護(hù)器誤動(dòng)作,應(yīng)注意觀察,找出誤動(dòng)作原因。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F42gdKAaYokoIgxp2KqctLIEnsk"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":398,"note":[{"typ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duì)接口密封不好造成的漏水,應(yīng)重新安裝接口;若屬自來(lái)水壓太高,應(yīng)在自來(lái)水道上設(shè)置減壓閥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcA6dUOUkouQ40xiEPPcjXvsnaf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":583,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/33c965c6e47942b3a19736b9b5204fe1","width":872},"text":"","id":"Lgm8d2mSSo4OySxmOzYcSSIZnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)安全閥接口漏水:是由于安全閥松扣或密封不好造成的,應(yīng)重新擰緊和密封。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoA4dEMyaoecUgx8onkcaBTpnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":669,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/35fca532fa97417faddbabccd68607f9","width":880},"text":"","id":"MgU2dMSyYo8kkoxGYhGcDCzZn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、出水帶電","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQ8UdSiSGoKYmaxQfyOc6P8Anvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)出水口接地失效:重新接好接地線,保證接地電阻小于0.1Ω。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKgudacMKo4KuCx4XePcNCLGnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水中分布電流大:用細(xì)鋼絲編織成網(wǎng),包在出水口上,并與接地線良好接觸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSwkdc4mcomsYqxgpWAcPDiBn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)電熱元件絕緣損壞或失效:更換電熱元件,更換時(shí)要保持電氣接觸良好,有關(guān)密封部分不漏水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0GudayU4o6OsWxfU6zcz9VDnHY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)內(nèi)部導(dǎo)線絕緣層損壞,搭接在外殼或內(nèi)膽上:拆開(kāi)電熱水器,檢查出導(dǎo)線絕緣層損壞的部分,進(jìn)行更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGYgdkOiMoI48ExzhN5cdE2NnLC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、進(jìn)水困難","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GM6sdmQMKoUeoExMbRgcTMeJn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)臟堵:主要是由于自來(lái)水水質(zhì)不好,雜質(zhì)超量,堵住進(jìn)水口的逆止閥。設(shè)有進(jìn)水濾網(wǎng)的熱水器大都是濾網(wǎng)孔被堵。在確定水壓正常后,關(guān)閉自來(lái)水供水總閥,清理管路,沖出勝物或清洗濾網(wǎng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKO6d0828okQwKxQnSMckxnvnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)汽堵:常見(jiàn)于密閉水箱貯水式電熱水器中。其特征是:熱水閥打開(kāi)后,噴出大量水蒸氣,此時(shí)應(yīng)將調(diào)溫器調(diào)到最小位置或切斷電源,先將蒸汽從熱水閥排出,然后打開(kāi)冷水進(jìn)水閥,使熱水器排水,降低水溫,再檢修溫控器;若熱水閥打開(kāi)后,熱汽斷續(xù)流出,量很小,一般是臟堵造成的。此時(shí)應(yīng)開(kāi)大熱水閥和冷水進(jìn)水閥,以降低水溫,待水溫降低后,檢查熱水閥是否臟堵,洗凈后冷水便會(huì)從熱水閥流出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Om8cdKyEioGG4sx44UlcqAPin2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)供水壓力不正常:當(dāng)供水管路因水壓下降,供水壓力低于貯水壓力,逆止閥不能被頂開(kāi),會(huì)造成進(jìn)水困難。這種故障,待水壓正常后,故障即自行消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZuwGdq6CgoIaEIxUVQxc1rKjndc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"保養(yǎng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UuAGdAwwOogeW4xWMVmcKBqMnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用一段時(shí)間后,應(yīng)取下噴頭,按安裝方法進(jìn)行沖洗。長(zhǎng)期使用后,若升溫慢,應(yīng)檢查電熱元件是否結(jié)垢,若結(jié)垢,可用去垢劑清除水垢。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIA2d8eaQokGsaxO2LIc2TaknLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若漏水,應(yīng)更換相應(yīng)的橡膠密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nkigd2Eu4oi6glxym54cw4jJnI3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若加熱時(shí)蒸汽冒出,則表明恒溫器失效?;蚋袦仡^脫出,應(yīng)關(guān)閉電路,經(jīng)檢查修復(fù)后再用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWgQdAcagoQ8EQx4eKDceRo9ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加熱時(shí)因水的膨脹,噴頭有時(shí)會(huì)有少量熱水溢出,這屬正常現(xiàn)象,不必過(guò)分用力擰緊熱水閥,以免加速損壞密封圈。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ss6idy4AeoMgOIx6mVccESPinPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自來(lái)水閥可使用不帶手輪的閥門或者安裝好后取下手輪,以防誤關(guān)此閥,導(dǎo)致水箱缺水而燒毀電熱絲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWkydUIOIosqkaxcJT6coKeancb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃?xì)鉄崴?,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"EmkGd4cqCok2cGxUrnUcojNXnHd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGMkdSwwmoIEGAxgfjucH3JmnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,家用快速燃?xì)鉄崴鞒R?jiàn)為壁掛式,適合淋浴使用,主要由水路系統(tǒng)、燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)、熱交換系統(tǒng)、排煙系統(tǒng)和安全裝置五大部分組成。其結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖如下所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V48udWcmQoakmMx4mVTcota2nAb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":897,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c3235234e654902a40487f338c99b13","width":1262},"text":"","id":"FuEKdyoIso8A8gxai9ccnk69nfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水路系統(tǒng)主要包括進(jìn)水閥、水膜閥等,其中水膜閥是關(guān)鍵部件,起控制水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置的作用,當(dāng)水源切斷后立即切斷燃?xì)?;水閥是控制冷水進(jìn)入熱水器流量大小的裝置,水閥燃燒器在同樣工作狀態(tài)下,流量大的,輸出熱水溫較低,反之則水溫升高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAm2dayWYoCUEcxMJCYcengxnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃?xì)庀到y(tǒng)主要包括燃?xì)庹{(diào)節(jié)閥、水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥、常明火、主燃燒器。其中主燃燒器是熱水器供熱的主要部件;水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥是由水流的壓力差控制氣閥的開(kāi)啟以防止空燒。燃?xì)庹{(diào)節(jié)閥可調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)入主燃燒器氣量,以達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)水溫的目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PQkGdYKICoeAC4xWGhIcqrfXnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)熱交換系統(tǒng)主要包括腔體、集熱片和彎管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKW2dKGiioSk4Wx63PfchJSUnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)排煙系統(tǒng)包括熱水器外殼、排氣煙管和排煙口等。燃燒后的煙氣,須經(jīng)過(guò)排煙系統(tǒng)排出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYK2dQ0k8os2qsxfWf4cL7JanCE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)安全裝置主要包括由熱電偶和電磁閥組成的熄火保護(hù)、缺氧保護(hù)、水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥防止空燒、排水閥防止過(guò)水壓和凍裂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LIO6dcQuQo26iSxi295cllDhnZb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面重點(diǎn)介紹燃?xì)鉄崴髦饕考Y(jié)構(gòu)原理","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EskWd8mkwogOQ4xamOBcLlK2nfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、點(diǎn)火裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FuyudEG4IowISAxER0Dcc5P4nTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"點(diǎn)火裝置的作用是點(diǎn)燃小火(常明火)并保持其燃燒。當(dāng)按下點(diǎn)火按鈕時(shí),小火管有燃?xì)饬鞒?,此時(shí)點(diǎn)火器工作,點(diǎn)燃旁邊的小火。燃?xì)鉄崴鞯狞c(diǎn)火方式主要有壓電陶瓷點(diǎn)火和電脈沖點(diǎn)火兩種。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LI8EdwICGo4GQCxmssIcx8VgnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/31c6e50fd12c433eaa7a8a2f0f4ef21e","width":750},"text":"","id":"Ays6dC2OUogYgQxacJrcBM7nn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NemcdiAkkos68wxRwRuc2P7anOi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥是保證燃?xì)鉄崴靼踩褂玫闹匾考?,其主要作用是:?dāng)水壓足夠,水在熱交換器中流動(dòng)時(shí),燃?xì)獠拍苓M(jìn)入主燃燒器進(jìn)行燃燒;而當(dāng)水流停止或壓力不足時(shí),自動(dòng)切斷燃?xì)夤┙o,以防因缺水面燃?jí)臒崴鳌?,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZucqdiI44os06GxkzQuclgJhnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/516af55f2e064ad78b8c0992e136f804","width":800},"text":"","id":"AiKodKiUSok20ixkfGicQNhPnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、燃燒器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SeSMdiUcSokiQyxqyOoc0AgOnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、常明火為點(diǎn)燃主燃燒器作準(zhǔn)備,常明火有單獨(dú)的燃?xì)馔?。同時(shí)常明火加熱熄火保護(hù)裝置中的熱電偶,使電磁閥開(kāi)閉燃?xì)忾y門。當(dāng)由熱電偶或雙金屬片構(gòu)成的熄火保護(hù)裝置一旦檢測(cè)到常明小火熄滅,熄火保護(hù)裝置將自動(dòng)切斷氣源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4awdaOQ8o2IoixSIAGchMqCnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常明火點(diǎn)火管一般用銅管或不銹鋼制成,為保證燃燒的穩(wěn)定,大多采用大氣式燃燒方式,即燃燒前預(yù)混一部分空氣,由于這種燃燒方式火焰短而穩(wěn)定,用它加熱熱電偶或熱雙金屬片時(shí),熱量集中,不易產(chǎn)生誤動(dòng)作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQwydCSUcoiQY6xkj83cR1hdn3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、主燃燒器是燃?xì)鉄崴魈峁嵩吹闹饕考瑹嶝?fù)荷較大,火力強(qiáng)而且集中,火焰高度實(shí)短不宜長(zhǎng),一般采用大氣式燃燒器來(lái)滿足要求,而且大多不設(shè)一次調(diào)節(jié)裝置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VG4edEi6IoUGCUx2Z6vcuBr8nng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a91dbad6ac2648de8a0bc6fa0d80b2a9","width":651},"text":"","id":"NQKOdM28Qo2w0WxthlzcBXpEny6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、熱交換器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAEMdGuM4owEwwxyQgkcQCG1nW4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"燃?xì)鉄崴鞯臒峤粨Q器主要有兩種類型,板管式和翅片管式。由不銹鋼或?qū)嵝粤己玫淖香~片、紫銅管制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cg88dMUUaoIg22xADYUcc7Rlnvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b7ce733ffa1041c5bb33577939e61531","width":800},"text":"","id":"CsWAd0k2SoEYAOxaiMVcgrRtnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、熄火保護(hù)裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqogdwueYoQ8SAxzWP1cHIb5niU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"熄火保護(hù)裝置的主要功能,是在燃?xì)鉄崴鞯狞c(diǎn)火燃燒器(又稱常明火)因故熄火后,在數(shù)密封秒鐘后能自動(dòng)動(dòng)作,關(guān)閉燃?xì)忾y門。有機(jī)械和電磁兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式,分別稱為雙金屬片和熱電偶熄火保護(hù)裝置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEkOdQGiOogm2cxjC8ScYrWCnj1"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":333,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d20f25369ad047bfb55574ed3f2e2216","width":500},"text":"","id":"TGwYdeEIIoC2O0xCgdGcuk7Xnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、缺氧保護(hù)裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CUOqdyIEgouCAQxWAJNceBKQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此裝置上有兩只熱電偶,正向熱電偶與熄火安全裝置熱電偶基本相同(參數(shù)為:25℃內(nèi)阻為(8.8±2)MΩ,700℃熱電勢(shì)20mV);反向熱電偶由兩根裸露電偶絲組成,材質(zhì)與正向熱電偶相同,但它的工作溫度較低,氧化作用不很明顯,它的安裝位置是保證熱電偶正常工作的重要條件(參數(shù)為:25℃內(nèi)阻18±2MΩ,700℃熱電勢(shì)6mV)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HswOdqEcMoeImYxXeyCcNmRrnjx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在使用過(guò)程中,周圍環(huán)境氧氣含量不足或換熱器柵板阻塞時(shí),會(huì)造成燃燒器不完全燃燒,這時(shí)燃燒器火焰拉長(zhǎng),火焰溫度降低,兩只熱電偶產(chǎn)生的電勢(shì)差較少,當(dāng)環(huán)境氧氣含量低于18%時(shí),此裝置動(dòng)作,關(guān)閉燃?xì)鈿饴?,避免造成二氧化碳中毒事故,此裝置使用壽命大于6000h,使用次數(shù)大于100000次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UigUdCSIaowO4Kxc94lcMr7an7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/891da3425dfb48db99aa07e0de671d92","width":866},"text":"","id":"OuySdwoKsoMMa8x72Cic0B8BnzG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、防空燒(過(guò)熱)安全裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6sedWY6Iou0kCxUPxNcL2Aznnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此裝置所用傳感器為正溫度系數(shù)的熱敏電阻。當(dāng)燃?xì)鉄崴鞒霈F(xiàn)空燒時(shí),因熱敏電阻此時(shí)已呈“高阻”狀態(tài),使通過(guò)電磁閥電流很小,在彈簧力作用下,鐵心與銜鐵分離,關(guān)閉燃?xì)鈿饴贰?,"id":""}],"text":"","id":"GSW6dgMkKoc0MexaWqWcmFOsn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、電磁閥","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AiGqdsIY2o6EE0xYxBscKKYpnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在燃?xì)鉄崴靼踩b置中,燃?xì)鈿饴返耐?、斷是由電磁閥控制的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcmCdauY6oU2ACx2JSucPqQinlc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":646,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9bb9ee1a13934d6dbe8ac366115c72b8","width":759},"text":"","id":"P4sMdYwyGo2eCsxwgeecJq0nncb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、水溫調(diào)節(jié)裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FUugdUew8oWe6yxy6NIcoG4QnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"調(diào)溫軸(水閥芯)的控制原理是通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)水量增減,來(lái)達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)水溫目的。例如,欲提高淋浴水溫時(shí),將調(diào)溫軸調(diào)向“高溫”位置,實(shí)際上是關(guān)小水閥芯的開(kāi)啟度,使進(jìn)水量減少,則出口的溫度則會(huì)增加。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGegdqMsAoymKQxWexEcSjkWncc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74413d7d5f7d4afbbaae9cda23962538","width":500},"text":"","id":"KWoOdi8sEooo8oxSU6Wc7KyCnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"十、燃?xì)庑孤﹫?bào)警裝置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AwGUdo2MQoisgix4YfucknDrnSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)燃?xì)鉄崴骰蚺涮自O(shè)備發(fā)生燃?xì)庑孤r(shí),通過(guò)氣敏傳感器檢測(cè)出一定濃度的燃?xì)?,發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警信號(hào),提醒用戶排除故障或停止使用,避免造成火災(zāi)或中毒事故。先進(jìn)的泄漏報(bào)警裝置,在報(bào)警的同時(shí)自動(dòng)開(kāi)啟風(fēng)機(jī)通風(fēng)換氣,迅速排除室內(nèi)燃?xì)猓乐故鹿实陌l(fā)生和擴(kuò)大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WK0kdIcAUo0OSAxYFexco6M4nLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":746,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/85b7c8c43e6b412b8704c1b333bf30a3","width":800},"text":"","id":"Kig4dKwiQok6ksxU7IVci1XHnpd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I68IdwkIwoaIuyxKUyNcgOb7n0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打開(kāi)燃?xì)鈿忾y,燃?xì)膺M(jìn)人閥門內(nèi),按動(dòng)點(diǎn)火按鍵,點(diǎn)火微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)、快速微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)啟動(dòng),點(diǎn)火頭產(chǎn)生連續(xù)電火花,電磁閥線圈強(qiáng)行通人吸合電流,由氣閥桿推動(dòng),電磁閥被吸住,氣路打開(kāi),燃?xì)鈴狞c(diǎn)火燃燒器和長(zhǎng)明火燃燒器流出,被點(diǎn)火器的連續(xù)火花點(diǎn)燃,經(jīng)常明火火焰加熱的熄火保護(hù)裝置的熱電偶產(chǎn)生熱電勢(shì),在強(qiáng)制吸合電流斷開(kāi)時(shí),保持電磁閥處于吸合狀態(tài)。點(diǎn)火鍵復(fù)位,并關(guān)閉與點(diǎn)火鍵連動(dòng)的點(diǎn)火器閥門,此時(shí)點(diǎn)火器的火焰熄滅,僅保留常明火焰,這樣,燃?xì)獾竭_(dá)水氣連動(dòng)閥的氣閥前面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DO64dguI0oSeo4xQxErczdHAnCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打開(kāi)水龍頭,冷水進(jìn)入水氣連動(dòng)閥的水閥內(nèi),經(jīng)調(diào)溫旋鈕進(jìn)入熱交換器,同時(shí)有一部分水從調(diào)溫旋鈕分流,進(jìn)人混合管,因水氣連動(dòng)閥內(nèi)的膜片受水壓作用,推開(kāi)水氣連動(dòng)閥的氣閥。燃?xì)饨?jīng)燃?xì)庹{(diào)節(jié)閥、燃燒器調(diào)節(jié)旋鈕,從主燃燒器流出,被常明火點(diǎn)燃。流向熱交換器的水,被主燃燒器的火焰加熱成熱水,經(jīng)混合水管的冷水混合,就可從供熱水龍頭流出適合使用的熱水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEewdgsWSoIgKMxIplmcQs6cncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)關(guān)閉出水口時(shí),水氣連動(dòng)閥內(nèi)的壓差消失,從而關(guān)閉了水氣連動(dòng)閥的氣閥,主燃燒器的火焰熄滅,熱水停止流出,按下熄火鍵,點(diǎn)火鍵復(fù)位,關(guān)閉主氣閥,常明火熄滅。此時(shí)熄火安全裝置的熱電偶的熱電勢(shì)下降,電磁閥關(guān)閉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A0O0dIm0ioKm0SxwzdtcIdcJnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下圖為沈樂(lè)滿牌SR-5型后制式燃?xì)鉄崴麟姎庠韴D,供參考。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gwgkd6s0UoKga6xuxulcO1r8nrb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":491,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工作原理","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ca7e1e9708d4ed2bd13d22d98a85f5c","width":747},"text":"","id":"IcUudSAUuoeo4KxAZH7cl8sbnkf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUwKdcGMqoAAawx0AeRcn9m8n3d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、常見(jiàn)故障分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwMAd6im6oWEgixwR7Xc0bZTnZm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、打不著火或打火困難","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xkkwd2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:"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水閥芯膠圈因長(zhǎng)期使用磨損嚴(yán)重造成的漏水,只要更換膠圈便可正常使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6agdeiMEoak8yxgjhgcbZJmn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)水閥頂軸膠圈處比較容易漏水,若是水動(dòng)式熱水器,水會(huì)直接流到微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)處造成打不著火,因此膠圈磨損,應(yīng)及時(shí)更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROYqdYaowoqcqAxm0f1c83fVnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)連接熱水器的冷、熱水軟管和淋浴器的漏水,較易發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)單維修或更換便能使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0cOdIYwuoQGYCxK8xxc48IHnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)供水壓力過(guò)高,可更換高壓熱水器或在進(jìn)水閥前加裝節(jié)流閥。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YCwUd2MGeooyeIx6Mcbc8yfGncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)熱水器“空燒”造成漏水。這時(shí),關(guān)閉熱水器水閥時(shí),主燃燒器不熄滅,造成“空燒”或回火,易燒化焊錫,嚴(yán)重時(shí)燒穿紫銅管,造成漏水,此故障應(yīng)更換熱盤管。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PY2kdUOueoqyCaxOSOEc6rKknmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、產(chǎn)生紅火或冒黑煙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I64adiOmEoo6COxU52UcFSjlnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)燃燒器內(nèi)存污物:將細(xì)鐵絲尖部彎曲,從引射口處插入燃燒器內(nèi),反復(fù)旋轉(zhuǎn),進(jìn)行清理。也可將燃燒器拆下來(lái),用水沖澆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hk44dYggUoYwUGxOUfGcfrC3n8c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b1c0746f10ab43c981892b6bf9f1a73c","width":1064},"text":"","id":"EyCCdCwYeoI2asxoSRJcylpunbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)燃?xì)鈮毫Σ蛔悖簯?yīng)設(shè)法提高其供氣壓力。另外,有時(shí)因天氣潮濕,也會(huì)產(chǎn)生紅火,待天氣好轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)又恢復(fù)正常。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKa2dc0KkoOCOEx8LzFc75cbn7g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)氣路不暢造成缺氧:清理氣路中的異物,并開(kāi)機(jī)(換氣扇、排風(fēng)扇、開(kāi)窗等)通風(fēng)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R8ywdkAmOoSkIWxgxuYcs7CCnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、出水溫度過(guò)低","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jk8MdQ0u6ooi82x8grlcexEmnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)供氣壓力不足:這是造成出水溫度過(guò)低的主要原因,應(yīng)調(diào)整減壓閥。若是管道燃?xì)猓赏ㄖ獠块T調(diào)整;若是熱水器流量大,使供氣管或煤氣表負(fù)荷滿足不了熱水器的耗氣量,應(yīng)更換較大的煤氣表或更換流量較小的熱水器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQAyduMWKouoASxWAdac9sd0n8e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58a18c32d2a84a6891092faef64c5881","width":659},"text":"","id":"WGw4dOWsKoqkQwxEdeucsktDngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)噴嘴堵塞造成火焰變?。呵謇韲娮?。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmOqdeucUoOk6YxBBPEcWWm2niv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)水閥橡膠膜有小的破裂:使水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥門開(kāi)度不足,造成燃燒火力不強(qiáng),出水溫度過(guò)低。應(yīng)更換橡膠膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZiwWdS6SooemaExCWvWcg63Tnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)部分地區(qū)水壓較大,使水流經(jīng)熱交換器時(shí)間較短,出水溫度過(guò)低,應(yīng)適當(dāng)調(diào)小水量。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EeekdQgeqoKeWCxcnmrcGu2mnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"7、火種留不住","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQCSdC4aMoy8UMxqyc5cNPIpntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)火種供氣管堵塞:當(dāng)點(diǎn)燃火種時(shí),手松開(kāi)也不見(jiàn)火種,爾后能聽(tīng)到電磁閥釋放聲,說(shuō)明火種供氣管堵塞,對(duì)此可進(jìn)行疏通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RoYOdMw64o4IsmxOW8kcw6NZn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)熱電偶或電磁閥損壞:檢查時(shí),按下點(diǎn)火按鈕,不見(jiàn)火種,也聽(tīng)不到電磁閥動(dòng)作聲,說(shuō)明熱電偶或電磁閥損壞。電磁閥的損壞一般是線圈斷路,可用萬(wàn)用表檢查。若電阻為無(wú)窮大,對(duì)此可進(jìn)行更換;對(duì)熱電偶應(yīng)檢查連接導(dǎo)線有無(wú)斷路,再檢查熱電偶是否移位,并擦凈表面氧化物;最后檢查熱電偶是否失效,方法是:將熱電偶從固定夾中卸出懸空,用萬(wàn)用表pA檔串入,用打火機(jī)給熱電偶加熱,15s后若電流很?。ń咏鼮?),說(shuō)明熱電偶失效,應(yīng)更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hy2WdgCqyo2Isuxe8TCc720Kngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)熱電偶性能變差:點(diǎn)火按鈕松開(kāi)后有火種,但不久會(huì)自動(dòng)熄滅,是因熱電偶性能變差引起的,這時(shí)可將熱電偶調(diào)到最佳受熱位置,一般就可排除,必要時(shí),更換熱電偶。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2MqdQcYwoSuOqxi296cLcvdnqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"8、主燃燒器不能點(diǎn)燃","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwsMdCSQeoqK8CxC6urcAgMXnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水壓不足:引起水壓不足的原因,一是當(dāng)?shù)厮畨翰蛔?,二是雜物堵塞水道。對(duì)于后者可清理過(guò)濾網(wǎng)內(nèi)的雜質(zhì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R2kidKkOuoeSEaxkXIect8k7nCs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)主燃燒器的燃?xì)夤艿辣欢氯哼M(jìn)行疏通。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMyyduMyiokW6wxgzNacElpTn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥的隔膜室隔膜穿孔:隔膜穿孔后,無(wú)法推動(dòng)頂桿打開(kāi)主燃燒器的燃?xì)忾y塞。修理時(shí),拆開(kāi)閥體,拆下膜片上的銅螺栓和墊片,更換同規(guī)格的新隔膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AauYdwiOMoaqYyxk9G8cuLern7e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0ba29caa2e734344aaf7fe2bfa64ad5c","width":860},"text":"","id":"Vi8EdCgeIouSgwxctlacaRsrnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥的銅頂桿長(zhǎng)期與水、燃?xì)饨佑|,造成氧化折斷:更換新配件,也可用不銹鋼材料按同樣規(guī)格制成頂桿進(jìn)行更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WmIEdakWIo4KSoxqUTcc10rHngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)隔膜室螺釘松動(dòng):松動(dòng)后,造成隔膜室漏水,水壓下降,頂桿無(wú)法打開(kāi)燃?xì)忾y塞,對(duì)此可緊固隔膜室螺釘。效果不好時(shí),可拆開(kāi)隔膜室,在接合面周圍涂上一層粘補(bǔ)膠,然后再緊固螺釘,干燥固化后即可使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YuUudkUaYouWq0xWYnVcB9N5nWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(6)隔膜室中的壓差平衡彈簧折斷:更換新配件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SoOOd2MsIoQeOGxEl4ncNzE9nKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"9、隨著“叭”的一聲響,全機(jī)熄滅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C20gdGmi0ooOsSxUOaxcJQNxn3i"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)點(diǎn)燃正常10s后出現(xiàn)聲響和熄滅﹑這多是熱電偶損壞造成的。檢查時(shí),用氣體打火機(jī)燃燒熱電偶尖端,用萬(wàn)用mV檔測(cè)量?jī)啥穗妷海?0mV左右,若為0,說(shuō)明熱電偶損壞,應(yīng)更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wk8ud4Oa0osMG2xsljdcTZHwnif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)正常使用10min后,出現(xiàn)聲響和熄滅,這多是缺氧造成的,應(yīng)及時(shí)補(bǔ)充新鮮空氣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R2SSdeSkWoIkAMxOGCDcUB4ZnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"10、關(guān)閉熱水閥后,主燃燒器熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmUcd2gQQoUOakxwbHicby2Dntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)燃?xì)忾y塞被水氣連動(dòng)閥頂桿卡住,打開(kāi)水氣連動(dòng)閥,清理閥內(nèi)頂桿表面的水銹,涂上潤(rùn)滑油,重新裝好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYA6dQcEKo08M0x4r0pcFQLQnbg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62eb59a19a304c43b6fa87d83318ba0e","width":833},"text":"","id":"TYwSdYSOgo62GCxE5PocTTA4n8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)壓差平衡器的眼孔被管道內(nèi)異物堵塞拆開(kāi)閥殼,疏通眼孔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6QEdESSsoCoyqx83kUccjUNnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"11、熱水水流不暢、水溫偏高","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZSywdO6OUoSGUuxgTEjcJaI8nHc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水溫調(diào)節(jié)旋鈕使用不當(dāng):檢查水溫旋鈕是否置于需要的位置上,位置有誤時(shí),應(yīng)予糾正(溫度“最高”為水流最小,溫度“最低”為水流最大)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMe8dAmoQouQgMxwLDEcEUN6nEg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/04f42ce95779403e9e26c9459c380d99","width":822},"text":"","id":"FWAIdI0EOoMk4ExUL9fcUBVGntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水溫調(diào)節(jié)失控:若是旋鈕錯(cuò)位引起閥芯開(kāi)度和指示溫度不一致,應(yīng)及時(shí)調(diào)整,必要時(shí)更換滑牙的旋鈕;水溫控制閥閥桿和閥芯密封件老化損壞時(shí),會(huì)引起水流不暢,應(yīng)更換密封件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U6Owd6sQ2oaacqx4yU9c7H4DnI7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12、炮火保護(hù)裝置失靈","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CcOKdQoYEoUoUIxQZzlcY21knaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)熱電偶的探頭和點(diǎn)火燃燒器的位置不當(dāng):調(diào)整時(shí),可稍松一下固定熱電偶探頭的螺釘,將探頭移至點(diǎn)火燃燒溫度較高的位置,進(jìn)行反復(fù)點(diǎn)火試驗(yàn),直至電磁閥吸合,再將緊固螺釘擰緊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GioodG6CIoQScMx2dEHcPYxwnUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)熱電偶與電磁閥之間的連接螺母松動(dòng):將松動(dòng)的螺母擰緊即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W4Yid0ey6oO4ScxgNWfcd9UknPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)熱電偶損壞:若熱電偶斷線或發(fā)生在熱點(diǎn)上的短路,一般是無(wú)法修復(fù)的,應(yīng)進(jìn)行更換。方法是:擰開(kāi)與電磁閥連接的螺母,并松開(kāi)探頭在點(diǎn)火燃燒器旁的螺釘,拆下熱電偶。更換新熱電偶時(shí),先將它與電磁閥連接的螺母擰緊,再將偶線彎成需要的形狀.將探頭固定在點(diǎn)火燃燒器附近溫度較高的位置,裝好后進(jìn)行點(diǎn)火試驗(yàn),確認(rèn)電磁閥動(dòng)作后,再進(jìn)一步擰緊螺釘、螺母。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K4UgdoGEMoAYSExoXlVcXSV5ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)電磁閥吸合電流變大:這多是由于銜鐵極面被氣源腐蝕和污染造成的。電磁閥吸合時(shí)間,剛出廠時(shí),5s即可吸合。使用中的燃?xì)鉄崴?,電磁閥若在點(diǎn)火后30s還不吸合,就應(yīng)進(jìn)行去污或更換處理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKi0d6Mgyo4kcCxCAiDcXLlQnvf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)電磁閥線圈斷、短路或銜鐵移位:這類故障,一般很難修復(fù),應(yīng)更換同型號(hào)電磁閥,更換方法見(jiàn)前。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwYKdCeSkomUamxWotEcvULanKf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"13、調(diào)節(jié)水溫的方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J266dWKUUo0eaqxIldGcZMv1npd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)氣閥控制燃?xì)膺M(jìn)量,可調(diào)節(jié)水溫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tgmsd8OMAo0aUGxsveZc9xWen9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)調(diào)節(jié)水溫調(diào)節(jié)器,可控制出水溫度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yqw6dmCGSoq6qsxcDKzcCZ6dnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)調(diào)節(jié)自來(lái)水閥控制最大水流量,可調(diào)節(jié)最低溫度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EuaAdCs2coMoGkxq07UcSYWynMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)水氣連動(dòng)閥還有自動(dòng)控溫的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MYMwdaUcCoAkqIxcVPjcrdlanMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"14、水垢的清除方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TO4UdmaooogmQaxgZeAcax5UnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水垢產(chǎn)生后,會(huì)使熱水器熱效率降低,同時(shí)還會(huì)使熱水器管徑變小,熱水產(chǎn)率下降,水溫過(guò)高,甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生局部堵塞。為此應(yīng)一年左右清洗一次,清洗的方法很多,下面僅介紹一種簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQMgdGQegogCASxmiBacvhiun0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)買一袋鋁壺―次清除水垢劑,將其倒人約1.2L飲料瓶中,并加人約1L溫水,攪拌均勻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQy6d4MU4oYIWMxuAS2cjo3BnGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2〉按圖所示連接好。打開(kāi)水溫開(kāi)關(guān),用手?jǐn)D壓飲料瓶,待除垢液進(jìn)入熱水器,并從進(jìn)水管流出時(shí),關(guān)閉水溫開(kāi)關(guān)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YMMadIQiIo4K2mxkTOvcUCwVnMc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":742,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0fbf3030fb8f45bfa520337d7ad10fe5","width":842},"text":"","id":"Fi6sdICKGoeCWixiAP3cIfJwnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)點(diǎn)燃熱水器常明小火,對(duì)除垢液加溫,待10~15min后,關(guān)閉常明小火,打開(kāi)水溫開(kāi)關(guān),將飲料瓶中剩下的除垢液全部流入熱水器并從進(jìn)水口排出(可重復(fù)幾次)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SocOdwqKYoSMiMx8TvTcwc0JnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)卸下飲料瓶,接好進(jìn)水管,打開(kāi)冷水閥門,用清水將熱水器管道內(nèi)殘余的水垢及除垢液沖洗干凈即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QoIMdYk2ioYkckxI9cUcqd4dnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"15、水動(dòng)式熱水器有水流出,但不點(diǎn)火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYwed4IMuoSuW8xMzHvczQI4nZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水動(dòng)式熱水器是在打開(kāi)進(jìn)水閥門或熱水閥門時(shí),熱水器便會(huì)自動(dòng)點(diǎn)火,數(shù)秒鐘后便有熱水產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)有水流而不點(diǎn)火時(shí),其故障原因是多種多樣的,可以按以下步驟進(jìn)行檢查并排除故障。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEGgds0YcoKK2AxYDbYcygLzncc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)打開(kāi)水源開(kāi)關(guān),查看指示燈是否有亮,如果紅色亮,表明電池已達(dá)到無(wú)電狀態(tài),需更換電池;如果綠色亮,但無(wú)“嗒,嗒,嗒”響聲及點(diǎn)火火花,表明點(diǎn)火器高壓包燒毀或高壓線脫落,應(yīng)重新連接高壓線或更換點(diǎn)火器;如果指示燈不亮又無(wú)點(diǎn)火火花出現(xiàn)、應(yīng)檢查有沒(méi)有安裝電池或電池是否裝反,如果電池安裝正常,則需檢查電源連線是否可靠,發(fā)現(xiàn)情況應(yīng)及時(shí)排除。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lci2dEE6QoYkkYxgbfkcx6S8nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)當(dāng)所有電導(dǎo)線未發(fā)現(xiàn)異常時(shí),先檢查微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)〈有的熱水器用水動(dòng)磁控開(kāi)關(guān)),用手按動(dòng)微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)或直接用導(dǎo)線(或旋具)進(jìn)行短路連接,此時(shí)如果有點(diǎn)火動(dòng)作,則證明是微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)故障或開(kāi)關(guān)撥片位置不對(duì),應(yīng)予以更換或調(diào)整。如果按動(dòng)或短路微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān),均無(wú)點(diǎn)火動(dòng)作,則是點(diǎn)火器的故障,需更換點(diǎn)火器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KkkydUcEsockOmx6qzFcK2YCnib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)當(dāng)打開(kāi)水源開(kāi)關(guān)后有點(diǎn)火火花而沒(méi)有著火時(shí),應(yīng)先檢查點(diǎn)火針位置是否對(duì)準(zhǔn)燃燒器,然后再檢查電磁閥的連線連接是否良好,同時(shí)可根據(jù)該熱水器的用電池情況,對(duì)電磁閥接入3V(或1.5V)的直流電壓,查看燃燒器是否著火,如有著火,則表明點(diǎn)火器輸出電流不足,需更換;如未有著火,則表明電磁閥有故障,也需更換。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyKqdIsWOo6W4gxwTh1cR2gxnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(4)如果上述幾種方法都無(wú)法查出原因時(shí),就要檢查其他的安全保護(hù)裝置,例如,過(guò)熱保護(hù)裝置是否熔斷或開(kāi)路;防止不完全燃燒裝置的熱電偶是否反接或開(kāi)路;水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)裝置是否活動(dòng)自如(反復(fù)開(kāi)、關(guān)水源、微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)撥片應(yīng)左右移動(dòng),如果不動(dòng)作則是水閥膜片穿孔或聯(lián)動(dòng)桿卡死等)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aq00deQU6oM2msxMpAccnSNynKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(5)在各項(xiàng)檢查前應(yīng)先檢查氣源是否開(kāi)啟,連接氣源的氣管是否折疊或太長(zhǎng),如果氣管太長(zhǎng),應(yīng)先多點(diǎn)火幾次,讓氣管內(nèi)的空氣排空后,方可點(diǎn)火成功。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pwmmd2cS8oS86WxSE4icjArLnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"16、開(kāi)水不著火或低溫時(shí)熄火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuymdkuGso22GKxiCyoczW8CnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)水壓偏低因水壓低,而無(wú)法打開(kāi)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥,燃?xì)饩蜔o(wú)法出來(lái)被點(diǎn)燃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HK6MdKA6EoYuAYxYHsHcZvbwnpg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水閥的橡膠薄膜破損、變形或偏心更換橡膠薄膜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R0i2d2SggoKQuoxIDE8cC9mWnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(3)進(jìn)水管濾網(wǎng)堵塞、淋浴噴頭堵塞以及水閥內(nèi)的文氏管松動(dòng)︰平時(shí)必須經(jīng)常清理。使熱水器保持較佳使用狀態(tài)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S4yEdsWiOoYWSWx0u7kcVaEXnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"17、開(kāi)水熄火或未開(kāi)水著火","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwUsd68qWo4uSQx2J4lcWusznLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(1)冷熱水閥門漏水或關(guān)閉不嚴(yán),使熱水器內(nèi)有一定水壓,打開(kāi)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥而造成此故障更換或關(guān)嚴(yán)冷、熱水閥門。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uugadk64UoYcyqxe4Vscr8f5nkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(2)水氣聯(lián)動(dòng)閥內(nèi)頂桿被卡死,或長(zhǎng)期停用頂桿被粘著,膠圈變形造成頂桿運(yùn)動(dòng)緩慢而不熄火拆下頂桿清洗,并加潤(rùn)滑油。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwEYdY4IuoKY0exms6scEj7Onid"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":585,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"故障檢修","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/67d43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